Contabilidad Basica

Fundamental System Principles
Accounting information systems get data and from transactions and events. Process the data and organize them in useful reports, and communicate results to make decision betters. With the increasing in the business and the growing need for information, accounting information systems are more important than ever. To be more efficient accounting information have somebasics principles.
1. Control Principle- prescribes that accounting information systems have internal controls. Internal
controls are methods and procedures allowing managers to control and monitor business activities.
2. Relevance Principles- prescribes that accounting information system report useful, understandable,
timely, and pertinent information for effective decision making.3. Compatibility Principle- prescribes that accounting information system conform to a company’s
activities, personnel, and structures.
4. Flexibility Principle- prescribes that accounting information system be able to adapt to changes in the
company, business environment, and needs of decision makers.
5. Cost-Benefit Principle- prescribes that benefit from an activity inaccounting information system out weight the costs of that activity.
Components of Accounting Systems
Accounting Information Systems consist of people, records, methods, and equipment. The systems are designed to information about a company’s transactions and provide a including financial, managerial, and tax reports. The five basic components of accounting systems are source documents, input devices,information processors, information storage, and output devices.
Source Documents- provide the basic information processed by an accounting system. Source documents can be paper; they increasingly are taking the form electronic files and Web communications. The Web is playing a major role in this transformation from paper-based to paperless systems.
Input Devices- capture information fromsource documents an enable its transfer to the system’s information processing components.
Information Processor- are systems that interpret, transform, and summarize information for use in analysis and reporting.
Information Storage- is the accounting system component that keeps data in form accessible to information processors. After being input and processed, data are stored for use in futureanalyses and reports.
Output Devices- are the means to take information out of an accounting information system and make its available for users. Common output devices are printers, monitors, LCD projectors, and Web communications.
Special Journals in Accounting
Basics of Special Journal
A general journal is an all purpose journal in which we can record any transactions. A special journal isused to record and post transactions of similar type. Most transactions of a merchandiser can be categorized into the journals. The general journal continues to be used for transactions not covered by special journals and for adjusting, closing and correcting entries. Special journals are efficient tools in helping journalize and post transactions. It is important to note that special journalsand subsidiary ledgers are designed in a manner that is best suited for each business. The most likely candidates for special journal status are recurring transactions for many business those are sales, cash receipts, purchases, and cash disbursements.
Subsidiary Ledgers
To understand special journals, it is necessary to understand the working of a subsidiary ledger, which is a list ofindividual accounts with a common characteristic. Information systems often include several subsidiary ledger. Two of the most important are:
-Accounts Receivable ledger- store transactions data of individual customers.
-Accounts Payable ledger- store transactions data of individual suppliers.
Accounts Receivable ledger
When a company has more than one credit customer, the accounts receivable...