Copmponestes quimicos

The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide

Richard L. Myers

GREENWOOD PRESS

The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds
A Reference Guide

Richard L. Myers

GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Myers, Rusty L. The 100 most important chemical compounds : a reference guide / Richard L. Myers. p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33758–1 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0–313–33758–6 (alk. paper) 1. Chemicals—Dictionaries. I. Title. II. Title: One hundred most important chemical compounds. TP9.M94 2007 540—dc22 2007014139 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2007 by Richard L. Myers All rights reserved. No portion of this book may bereproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007014139 ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33758–1 ISBN-10: 0–313–33758–6 First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America

The paper usedin this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedicated to Catalina and Poco

Contents

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction What Is a Chemical Compound?
Types of Chemical Compounds

xi xv xvii xvii
xix

Organic and Inorganic Compounds Ionic and Molecular Compounds
NamingCompounds Molecular and Structural Formulas Entry Format

xix xxi
xxi xxiv xxv

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Acetic Acid Acetone Acetylene Acetylsalicylic Acid Adenine Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adipic Acid Aluminum(III) Oxide Al2O3 Ammonia Ascorbic Acid Aspartame Benzene

1 4 7 10 13 18 20 24 27 30 33 36

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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

Benzoic Acid Biphenyl and PCBs Butane Butene Butyric and Fatty Acids Caffeine Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide (Lime) Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Chloroform Chlorophyll Cholesterol Citric Acid Cocaine Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil DDT DEETDichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12 Dopamine, L-Dopa Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Ethane Ethene (Ethylene) Ether Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Formaldehyde Formic Acid Glucose Glycerol (Glycerin) Guanine Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Sulfide Ibuprofen Indigo Insulin

40 43 46 49 52 55 59 62 65 68 72 75 78 81 85 88 92 95 98 101 105 108 111 113 117 120 124 127130 132 134 138 140 141 144 147 150 152 156

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ix

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

Iron(III) Oxide Isooctane Isoprene L-Dopa. See 33. Dopamine, l-Dopa Methane Methyl Alcohol (Methanol) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Monosodium Glutamate Morphine NaphthaleneNicotine Nitric Acid Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrous Oxide Nitroglycerin Norethindrone Penicillin Phenol Phosphoric Acid Piperine Potassium Carbonate Potassium Nitrate Propane Propylene Quinine Saccharin Silicon Dioxide (Silica) Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hypochlorite Strychnine Styrene Sucrose Sulfuric Acid TetrafluoroethyleneTetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

160 164 167 171 171 174 178 181 184 188 191 194 197 197 197 202 205 209 214 218 221 224 227 231 234 238 241 244 247 249 252 257 260 263 266 268 271 275 278

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91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.

Thymine. See 29. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Toluene Triuranium Octaoxide Uracil. See 29. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil Urea Vanillin...