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Designation: D 287 – 92 (Reapproved 2006)

An American National Standard

Standard Test Method for

API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 287; thenumber immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. This test method hasbeen adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 401 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.

1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D 323) of 26 psi (180 kPa) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F(15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of standard tables. These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
NOTE 1—The international version of this test method is described in Test Method D 1298.

E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers 2.2 IP Standards:3 Specificationsfor IP Standard Thermometers IP Specifications for Petroleum Hydrometers 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 API gravity—a special function of relative density (specific gravity) 60/60°F (15.56/15.56°C), represented by:
API gravity, deg 5 ~141.5/sp gr 60/60°F! 2 131.5 (1)

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see 8.3. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) D 1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

No statement of reference temperature isrequired, since 60°F is included in the definition. 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 This test method is based on the principle that the gravity of a liquid varies directly with the depth of immersion of a body floating in it. The floating body, which is graduated by API gravity units in this method, is called an API hydrometer. 4.2 The API gravity is read by observing the freely floating API hydrometer andnoting the graduation nearest to the apparent intersection of the horizontal plane surface of the liquid with the vertical scale of the hydrometer, after temperature equilibrium has been reached. The temperature of the sample is read from a separate accurate ASTM thermometer in the sample or from the thermometer which is an integral part of the hydrometer (thermohydrometer). 5. Significance and Use5.1 Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C). 5.2 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties,

1 This test method is under the...