Crosswind landing
miércoles, 08 de diciembre de 2010
Crosswind Landings
Aprovechando que iniciamos la época de incremento de vientos en nuestra región y que en lugares como SAL, SJO, MIA (entre otros) encontramos vientos cruzados, nos lleva a estar vigilantes de las condiciones de intensidad del viento para no exceder las limitantes operacionales del equipo que operamos que junto a las condicionesde pista debemos de determinar.
Les hacemos llegar este interesante “Flight Operation Briefing Note” de Airbus en torno a la gestión de riesgo en los “CROSSWIND LANDINGS”.
Esta nota nos sirve de repaso y así consolidar nuestro conocimiento y experiencias.
Esperamos les sea de utilidad. Ver presentación adjunta
Dirección de Seguridad Operacional Dirección Senior de Calidad y Seguridadsms@taca.com
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Flight Operations Support
Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
Approach-and-Landing Briefing Note
8. 7 – Crosswind Landings
Introduction
Operations in crosswind conditions require strict adherence to applicable crosswind limitations or maximum recommended crosswind values, operational recommendations and handling techniques,particularly when operating on wet or contaminated runways. This Briefing Note provides an overview and discussion of operational factors involved in planning and conducting the approach and flare under crosswind conditions, particularly on a contaminated runway. Briefing Note 8.5 – Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway provides expanded information on operations on wet or contaminated runways. On arunway contaminated with standing water, slush, snow or ice, a maximum recommended crosswind is defined (Table 1), depending on: • • • Reported braking action (if available); or, Reported runway (if available); or, friction coefficient
Equivalent runway condition (if braking action and runway friction coefficient are not available).
Reported Braking Action ( Index )
Reported RunwayFriction Coefficient
Equivalent Runway Condition
Maximum Recommended Crosswind
Good (5)
0.40 and above
Note 1
35 kt
Statistical Data
Adverse wind conditions (i.e., strong crosswinds, tail winds and wind shear) are involved in 33 % of approach-and-landing accidents. Crosswind in association with runway condition is a circumstantial factor in nearly 70 % of runway excursion events.85 % of crosswind incidents and accidents occur at landing.
Good / Medium (4) Medium (3) Medium / Poor (2) Poor
0.36 to 0.39
Note 1
30 kt
0.30 to 0.35
Note 2 and Note 3
25 kt
0.26 to 0.29
Note 2 and Note 3
20 kt
Runway Condition and Recommended Crosswind
Maximum
(1) Unreliable (9)
0.25 and below
Note 3 and Note 4
15 kt
Unreliable
The maximumdemonstrated crosswind and maximum computed crosswind, discussed in Briefing Note 8.6 – What‛s your Current Wind ?, are applicable only on dry, damp or wet runway.
Note 4 and Note 5
5 kt
Table 1 Maximum Recommended Crosswind - Typical
Crosswind Landings
Page 1
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Flight Operations Support
Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
TheEquivalent Runway Condition, defined by , Note 1 through Note 5 can be used only for the determination of the maximum recommended crosswind. This Equivalent Runway Condition cannot be used for the computation of takeoff and landing performance, because it does not account for the effects of the displacement drag and impingement drag ( as defined in Briefing Note 8.5 – Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway). Note 1 : Dry, damp or wet runway (i.e., less than 3mm water depth) without risk of hydroplaning. Note 2 : Runway covered with slush. Note 3 : Runway covered with dry snow. Note 4 : Runway covered with standing water, with risk of hydroplaning, or with wet snow. Note 5 : Runway with high risk of hydroplaning. The maximum recommended crosswind on a contaminated runway is based on computation...
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