cualquiera

English’s guide
1. PresentPerfect
General Structure:
Pronoun/Subject + have/ *has + Past participle + C
*has: third singular person {He, She, It}
Example:
My family and I have traveled to New York.
David has brought a cake for my mother.
Negative Structure:
Pronoun/Subject + have/ has + not + Past participle + C
Has not/ Have not = hasn’t/ haven’t
Example:
The England’s Queen hasn’tbeen in our country.
I haven’t cooked something to you.
Question Structure:
Have (Haven’t) / Has (Hasn’t) + Pronoun/ subject + Past Participle + C +?
Example:
Have you known David Villa?
Hasn’t Maria went to England?

2. Relative Clauses
Relatives’ clauses are used to give EXTRA INFORMATION about someone or something.
Example:
The guys who dance at the street are really good.
Doesthe bus that goes to the airport stop here?
La parte resaltada es la información extra.
Algunas veces se comete el error de colocar nuevamente el sujeto en la oración:

The guys who they dance at the street are really good. X
Does the bus that it goes to the airport stop here? X

These kinds of sentences are introduced by relative clauses as:
Who: PERSON
That: PERSON, ANIMALS AND THINGWhich: ANIMALS AND THINGS
Whose: POSSESSIONS
Example:
Who:
I have a girlfriend who works at McDonalds.
A Bartender is someone who serves alcoholic drinks.
That:
The white airplane that is behind of the airport is fast.
The bear that is catching fish at the river is brown.
Which:
The big house which is building will be beautiful.
The dark dog which barks is angry.
Whose:
Thedog whose owner lives next door is over there.
The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.

3. Simple past
General Structure:
Subject/ pronoun/ name + verb in the past + complement
Example:
I/you/he/she/we/they/John/Marcos/ thought (pasadode think) in the Level Test.
En la tercera persona en el pasado no sufre ninguna modificación, es el mismo verbo para todos los pronombres.
Negative form:Pronoun/ name/ subject + did + not + complement
Did not= didn’t
Example:
I/you/he/she/we/they… didn’t think in the Level Test.
Para construir el pasado del verbo en forma negativa, lo que se utiliza para formarlo es el verbo “do” pero en pasado, es decir “did”, y se le añade el “not”, al hacer esto el verbo “thought” o cualquier verbo el cual cambia a presente, es decir a “think” en este caso.Esto pasa siempre que se construye el pasado, se añade “didnot” y el verbo que estaba en pasado pasa a presente.
Question form:
Did + subject or name + complemento+ ?
Example:
Did You/we/they/Albert/Karla… think in the Level Test?
Lo único que ocurre aquí es que la posición del “did” cambia con la del pronombre y el verbo cambia a presente.



4. Quantifiers and Countable&UncountablenounsLos cuantificadores son utilizados para expresar la cantidad que poseemos de algo (agua, piñas, tiempo, hojas, azúcar, etc…)
Empezaremos con:
ExcessiveAmounts:Son utilizados para expresar una cantidad que poseemos pero en exceso. Es decir:

Example:
I bought too many oranges.
Compré demasiadas naranjas.
Es decir, compré no un poquito sino un montón de naranjas. A eso se refiere.Sheila has too much orange juice.
Sheila tiene demasiado jugo de naranja.
Es decir, Sheila tiene jugo pero no un vasito sino 10 litros de jugo de naranja.

Entonces, ¿Con cuáles sustantivos usamos TOO MANY and TOO MUCH?
TOO MANY es usado específicamente para sustantivos contables. Es decir:


SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES
Cat
Dog
Pencil
Book
Notebook
Orange
Apple
Pen
Animal
Person (Elplural es people y sí se puede contar: There are threepeople.)
Bottle
Box
Dollar
Table
Chair
Bag
Cup
*También se pueden identificar si se les añade una –s al final del sustantivo. Porque los incontables no se les puede añadir –s.
















Examples:
I have too many dogs in my house. Do you want one?
Raquel has too many bottles on the tables.
In the Stadium there...