Demografía Y Ecología De Anidación De La Iguana Verde, Iguana Iguana
versión impresa ISSN 0034-7744
Rev. biol. trop v.51 n.1 San José mar. 2003
Demografía y ecología de anidación de la iguana verde, Iguana iguana(Squamata: Iguanidae), en dos poblaciones explotadas en la Depresión Momposina, Colombia
Eliana M. Muñoz 1, Angela M. Ortega 1, Brian C. Bock 2 y Vivian P. Páez 1
Recibido 5-VII-2001. Corregido20-VI-2002. Aceptado 10-VII-2002.
Abstract
We studied the demography and nesting ecology of two populations of Iguana iguanathat face heavy exploitation and habitat modification in the Momposina Depression, Colombia. Lineal transect data was analyzed using the Fourier model to provide estimates of social group densities, which was found to differ both within and among populations (1.05 - 6.0 groups/ha).Mean group size and overall iguana density estimates varied between populations as well (1.5 -13.7 iguanas/ha). The density estimates were far lower than those reported from more protected areas in Panama and Venezuela. Iguana densities were consistently higher in sites located along rivers (2.5 iguanas/group) than in sites along the margin of marshes, probably due to vegetational differences(1.5 iguanas/group). There was no correlation between density estimates and estimates of relative abun-dance (number of iguanas seen/hour/person) due to differing detectabilities of iguana groups among sites. The adult sex ratio (1:2.5 males:females) agreed well with other reports in the literature based upon observation of adult social groups, and probably results from the polygynous mating systemin this species rather than a real demographic skew. Nesting in this population occurs from the end of January through March and hatching occurs between April and May. We monitored 34 nests, which suffered little vertebrate predation, perhaps due to the lack of a complete vertebrate fauna in this densely inhabited area, but nests suffered from inundation, cattle trampling, and infestation byphorid fly larvae. Clutch sizes in these populations were lower than all other published reports except for the iguana population on the highly xeric island of Curaçao, implying that adult females in our area are unusually small. We argue that this is more likely the result of the exploitation of these populations rather than an adaptive response to environmentally extreme conditions.
Keywords: Iguana, Reptilia, Iguanidae, nesting, group size, clutch size, exploitation.
La iguana verde, Iguana iguana, es la única especie de la familia Iguanidae que ha logrado establecerse en la parte continental de Sur América, con un ámbito de distribución que va desde México hasta Paraguay (Etheridge 1982). En varios países, las poblaciones de I. iguana son altamente explotadas, siendo las hembrasreproductivas más apetecidas, ya que sus huevos son considerados un manjar y son preferidos más que su carne (Müller 1972, Fitch y Henderson 1977, Harris 1982). A ésto se suma la tala a que han sido sometidos los bosques nativos para la formación de áreas aptas para la ganadería y agricultura, factor que incide sobre las poblaciones de I. iguana tanto de forma directa, por la muerte de animales durantela tala y quema, como indirecta por la reducción de los hábitats apropiados para la especie (Ruíz y Rand 1985, Werner 1977). En consecuencia, a pesar de su amplia distribución, la iguana verde actualmente se encuentra en el Apéndice II de CITES como una especie amenazada.
Varios aspectos de la ecología de I. iguana han sido estudiados en distintas poblaciones, como su dieta (Troyer 1982, 1984a,1984b, Rand et al. 1990), tasas de crecimiento y supervivencia (Harris 1982, Troyer 1982, 1987, Van Devender 1982, Burghardt y Rand, 1985, Zug y Rand 1987, Rodda 1990, Rand y Bock 1992), ecología reproductiva (Hirth 1963, Rand 1968, 1972, 1984, Rand y Robinson 1969, Fitch y Henderson 1977, Rand y Dugan 1980, 1983, Klein 1982, Casas-Andreu y Valenzuela- López 1984, Werner 1988, Phillips et...
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