Diplomacia

Independence war of Israel

The Arab-Israeli war of 1948, also known by Israelis as the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) or War of Liberation (Hebrew: מלחמת השחרור), was the first in a series of armed conflicts faced by the State of Israel and its Arab neighbors, in what is known globally as the Arab-Israeli conflict. For the Palestinian Arabs this war marked the beginning of whatthey call the Nakba (Arabic النكبة, "Catastrophe").
The United Nations agreed to the partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into two states: one Arab and one Jewish, resolution accepted by the Jewish leadership and rejected by the Arabs.

In November 1947, the United Nations approved the partition of Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab and international jurisdiction overJerusalem, the holy city for Jews, Muslims and Christians. The new Jewish state adopted the historic name of Israel (which in Hebrew means "people of God"), fixed capital and seat of the Parliament (the Knesset) in Tel Aviv, and a parliamentary democracy was established.
On May 14, 1948, was proclaimed the new state of Israel, just hours before the last British troops leave Palestine. David BenGurion, dirigiente socialist Zionist movement, read the foundation charter and became the first prime minister of the new country. Before the end of the British Mandate, intensified conflict between Arabs and Jews. Jewish Extremists bound Palestinian villages and armed Palestinians did the same with Jewish settlements.

The night after the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel, thearmies of five Arab countries (Transjordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt) supported by volunteers Libyans, Saudis and Yemenis, crossed the border and began the invasion of Israel. Thus began the first Arab-Israeli war.
On behalf of the Jews was a desperate war, characterized by the use of improvised weapons and tactics working. The Israeli armed forces were created from paramilitary groups such asthe Haganah, Irgun and Lehi. Also for those Jewish soldiers who fought in the British Army. It is estimated that before the arrival of the first aircraft guns and fighter clandestinely in Czechoslovakia, only one in three soldiers was armed, except in the Palmach (elite unit of the Haganah integrated) were two out of three.
While the Arab army bases were made by the Palestinians themselves,composed of the guerrilla forces of the Mufti of Jerusalem and two paramilitary organizations, the Fútuwa Níyada and, although their equipment was very poor because the British confiscated much of their arsenal in the Arab Revolt (1936 - 1939) and during the Second World War. But among Palestinians joined other Arab forces, heavy weapons vastly superior in highlighting the Arab Legion of Transjordan,which sought to annex Jerusalem and create a kingdom Jordanian - Palestinian, Iraq is cooperating with Arab Legion, Syria also provided an important number of troops, as well as Egypt and Lebanon. So Arab countries created the Arab Liberation Army announced a holy war of extermination.

Start the Israelis suffered heavy losses due to the low number of soldiers against Arabs, several fronts tocombat and equipment. At the beginning of the war had no heavy weapons or military aviation. But this inferiority was compensated with the highest degree of expertise of its staff, as well as being under a unified command, away from internal disagreements that cracked the Arab army.

The war began on several fronts: in the north against the armies Syrian, Lebanese and the Arab Liberation Army, inthe center against the Arab Legion of Transjordan and Iraq forces and the Arab Liberation Army, and in the south against Egypt.

The Israelis not only managed to resist the Arab attacks, but moved occupying new territories. This consolidation of Jewish lines contributed especially the brief truce on 11 June 1948 by the UN, when the Israel Defence Force took the opportunity to rearm.

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