Ecology Concepts

FINAL
 EXAM
 OF
 BIOLOGY
 

Ecology
 
 
Is
  the
  study
  of
  the
  interac>ons
  between
  organisms
  and
  the
  living
  and
  nonliving
  componentes
 of
 their
 enviroment.
 
  Each
  of
  the
  variety
  of
  organism
  on
  earth
  depends
 in
 some
 way
 on
 other living
 and
  nonliving
 thing
 in
 its
 enviroment
 

ECOLOGY
 
•  Is
  a
  broad
  science
  that
  involves
  c o l l e c > n g
  i n f o r m a > o n
  a b o u t
  organisms
  and
  their
  enviroments
  observing
  and
  measuning
  interac>on
 
  looking
  for
  paGerns
  and
  seeking
  to
 explain
 these
 paGerns.
 

interdependence
 
Interac(on
 
  Photosynthesis
 
 

•  A l l
  o r g a n i s m s
  •  Example:
  not
  survive
  interact
  with
  other
 
  w i t h o u t
  t h e
  p l a n t s
 
  organisms
  in
  their
  photosyinthe>s
  surroundings
  and
  •  Co2
  cellular
  respira>on
  of
  t h e
  o r g a n i s m ,
  with
  the
  nonliving
  geochemical
  processes
 
 
  porta>on
  of
  their
  making
 carbohydrates.
  enviroment
  .
  Their
  survival
  dependence
  on
 these
 interac>on
 

Effects
 of
 interdependence
 
•  Any
  change
  in
  the
  enviroment
  can
  spread
 through
  the
  netwoork
 
  of
  interac>ons
 
  and
  affect
  organism
  that
  appear
  for
  removed
  from
  the
  change.
 

Ecological
 models
 
•  To
 represent
 the
 components
 
 of
 an
 ecological
  system
 
  •  To
 help
 to
 understand
 envirometal
 interac>on
  and
  make
 predic>ons
  Phisical
  Conceptual
  mathema>cal
 

LEVELS
 OF
 ORGANIZATION


 

•  Hierarchy
 of
 different
 levels
 or
 organiza>on
  within
 organisms
 
  Biosphere
  Ecosystem
  Community
  Popula>on
  Organism
 

The
 biosphere
 
 
•  The
 thin
 volume
 of
 earth
 
 and
 its atmosphere
  that
 suports
 life.
  • 
 All
 organism
 are
 found
 within
 biosphere
 thin
  film
 of
 life
 composed
 of
 smaller
 units
 called
  ecosystem
 

Ecosystem
 
•  Includes
 all
 of
 the
 organism
 and
 the
  nonliving
 enviroment
 found
 in
 a
  par>cular
 place
 

• COMMUNITIES
  •  Includes
 only
 species
  of
 organisms..
 is
 all
  the
 interac>ng
  organism
 living
 in
 an
  area
  •  ORGANISM
 

•  POPULATION
 
  •  Includes
 all
 the
  members
 of
 a
  species
 that
 live
 in
  one
 
 place
 
 at
 one
  >me
 

Ecosystem
 Components
 
 BIOTIC
 factors
 
  ABIOTIC
 factors
 

•  The
 living
  camponents
 of
 the
  enviroment
 
 

•  The
 nonliving
 factors
 
  are
 the
 phisical
 and
  chemical
  characteris>cs
 of
 the
  enviroment
 .
 Temp,
  humidity
 ,ph,
  salinity,
 sun,
 N
 

Organisms
 in
 a
 changing
 enviroment 

 
  •  Each
 organism
 is
 able
 to
  survive
 
 withing
 a
 limited
  range
 of
 enviroment
  condi>ons
 
  Aclima(on
  •  Occurs
 within
 the
 
 life>me
  of
 an
 individual
 organism.
  some
 organism
 can
 adjust
  their
 tolerance
 to
 abio>c
  factors
 
  Adapta(on
 ...