economia del medio ambiente

17/09/2013

¿Sustentabilid
de que, de
quien, para
cuanto tiempo y
a que precio?

?

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Kcal
Fat
Taste

?

Dutch Wadden Sea and
Galapagos Islands

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•

“Consider the Repeal of the Corn Laws. This tended to reduce the
value of a specific factor of production-land. It can no doubt be shown
that the gain to the community as a whole exceededthe loss to the
landlords-but only if individuals are treated in some sense as equal.
Otherwise how can the loss to some-and that there was a loss can
hardly be denied-be compared with the general gain?” (Kaldor, 1939,
p. 549); ... “ … It is only as a result of this consequential change in the
distribution of income that there can be any loss of satisfactions to
certain individuals, and henceany need to compare the gains of some
with the losses of others. But it is always possible for the Government
to ensure that the previous income-distribution should be maintained
intact: by compensating the " landlords " for any loss of income and by
providing the funds for such compensation by an extra tax on those
whose incomes have been augmented. In this way, everybody is left
as welloff as before in his capacity as an income recipient; while
everybody is better off than before in his capacity as a consumer. For
there still remains the benefit of lower corn prices as a result of the
repeal of the duty” (Kaldor, 1939, p. 550).

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•

“ … Positive economics can be, and ought to be, the same for all
men; one's welfare economics will inevitably be differentaccording as
one is a liberal or a socialist, a nationalist or an internationalist, a
christian or a pagan” (Hicks, 1939, p. 696). The compensation
principle was a solution to this problem: “By adopting the line of
analysis set out in this paper, it is possible to put welfare economics
on a secure basis, and to render it immune from positivist criticism”.
(Hicks, 1939, p. 711) “… I haveaccomplished my end if I have
demonstrated the right of Welfare Economics - the "Utilitarian
Calculus" of Edgeworth - to be considered as an integral part of
economic theory, capable of the same logical precision and the same
significant elaboration as its twin brother, Positive Economics, the
"Economical Calculus" ” (Hicks, 1939, p. 712).

¿Por que ACB?
• Evita el referéndum
• Consistentecon el supuesto de
maximización
• Eficiencia=precios
• Intensidad de preferencia
• Compensación de la minoría
• Comparar=conmensurabilidad

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Equity
• Potential Pareto improvement does not
consider equity issues.
• The equity criterion for evaluating policy
considers how costs and benefits are
distributed among members of society.
• Thesedistributional impacts could be
within a country, across international
borders, or across generations.

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¿Que da valor al medio ambiente?

Es la búsqueda de la curva de demanda para los
recursos, bienes y servicios ambientales. En otras
palabras, el valor que los seres humanos dan al
medio ambiente, expresado en términos monetarios;
o sea, su disposición a pagar por los cambiosen la
calidad ambiental.
Lo que se valoriza no es el medio ambiente en sí, sino
las preferencias de la gente por (cambios positivos o
negativos) en la calidad de su medio ambiente (así
como sus preferencias por subir o bajar los riesgos a su
salud o a su vida).

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Metodologías de Valoración
Económica
• METODOS INDIRECTOS – SE INDUCE EL VALOR A
TRAVES DE ANALISIS DELCOMPORTAMIENTO DE
LOS CONSUMIDORES (Preferencias Reveladas)
–
–

Método de Precios Hedónicos
Método de Costo del Viaje

• METODOS DIRECTOS – SE INDUCE EL VALOR A
TRAVES DE VALORES EXPRESADOS POR LOS
CONSUMIDORES - Preferencias Expresadas
–

Método de Valoración Contingente

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1. En Practica:
2. ENCUESTA A VISITANTES PARA CONOCER: nº de...