Electronica

To Angelina and Jahan, for their love and patience

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About the Author
Behzad Razavi received the BSEE degree from Sharif University of Technology in 1985 and the MSEE and PhDEE degrees from Stanford University in 1988 and 1992, respectively. He was with AT&T Bell Laboratories and Hewlett-Packard Laboratories until 1996. Since 1996, he has been Associate Professor and subsequentlyProfessor of electrical engineering at University of California, Los Angeles. His current research includes wireless transceivers, frequency synthesizers, phase-locking and clock recovery for high-speed data communications, and data converters. Professor Razavi was an Adjunct Professor at Princeton University from 1992 to 1994, and at Stanford University in 1995. He served on the Technical ProgramCommittees of the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) from 1993 to 2002 and VLSI Circuits Symposium from 1998 to 2002. He has also served as Guest Editor and Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, and International Journal of High Speed Electronics. Professor Razavi received the Beatrice Winner Award for EditorialExcellence at the 1994 ISSCC, the best paper award at the 1994 European Solid-State Circuits Conference, the best panel award at the 1995 and 1997 ISSCC, the TRW Innovative Teaching Award in 1997, and the best paper award at the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference in 1998. He was the co-recipient of both the Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award and the Beatrice Winner Award forEditorial Excellence at the 2001 ISSCC. He was also recognized as one of the top 10 authors in the 50-year history of ISSCC. Professor Razavi is an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, a Fellow of IEEE, and the author of Principles of Data Conversion System Design (IEEE Press, 1995), RF Microelectronics (Prentice Hall, 1998) (translated to Chinese), Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits (McGraw-Hill, 2001)(translated to Chinese and Japanese), and Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications (McGraw-Hill, 2003), and the editor of Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits (IEEE Press, 1996), and Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems (IEEE Press, 2003).

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Preface
With the advances in the semiconductor and communication industries, it has becomeincreasingly important for electrical engineers to develop a good understanding of microelectronics. This book addresses the need for a text that teaches microelectronics from a modern and intuitive perspective. Guided by my industrial, research, and academic experience, I have chosen the topics, the order, and the depth and breadth so as to efficiently impart analysis and design principles that thestudents will find useful as they enter the industry or graduate school. One salient feature of this book is its synthesis- or design-oriented approach. Rather than pulling a circuit out of a bag and trying to analyze it, I set the stage by stating a problem that we face in real life (e.g., how to design a cellphone charger). I then attempt to arrive at a solution using basic principles, thuspresenting both failures and successes in the process. When we do arrive at the final solution, the student has seen the exact role of each device as well as the logical thought sequence behind synthesizing the circuit. Another essential component of this book is “analysis by inspection.” This “mentality” is created in two steps. First, the behavior of elementary building blocks is formulated using a“verbal” description of each analytical result (e.g., “looking into the emitter, we see 1=g m .”). Second, larger circuits are decomposed and “mapped” to the elementary blocks to avoid the need for writing KVLs and KCLs. This approach both imparts a great deal of intuition and simplifies the analysis of large circuits. The two articles following this preface provide helpful suggestions for students...