English

1. Reporting orders and requests:

a) Grammatical rules to report orders:

How about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells youvery directly to do something. For example:
* Direct speech: "Sit down!"
In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':
* Reportedspeech: She told me to sit down
Direct Order | Reported Order |
“Go to bed!” | He told the child to go to bed. |
“Don’t worry!” | He told her not to worry. |
“Be on time!” | He told me to beon time. |
“Don’t smoke here!” | He told us not to smoke there. |
b) Grammatical rules to report requests:What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example: * directspeech: "Close the window, please" * or: "Could you close the window please?" * or: "Would you mind closing the window please?" All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need toreport every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive': * reported speech: She asked me to close the windowHere are a few examples:  Direct Request | ReportedRequest |
“Please help me” | She asked me to help her. |
“Please don’t smoke” | She asked me not to smoke. |
“Could you bring my book tonight?” | She asked me to bring her book that night. |“Could you pass the milk, please?” | She asked me to pass the milk. |
“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” | She asked me to come early the next day. |
To report a negative request, use 'not': *Direct speech: "Please don't be late" * Reported speech: She asked us not to be late. | |
2. Reporting Questions:

a) Grammatical rules to repot yes/no questions:
Once we tell the questionto someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence
Example:
* Direct speech: "where do you live?"
* She asked me where I lived....