English

ENGLISH PORTFOLIO
UNIT 1

Minerva Cortada Cinca
English 1st term
4A
GRAMMAR

PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The Present Simple expresses habits. The Present Continuous indicates what is happening in the moment of speaking.
I usually wear a pair of jeans but today I'm wearing a skirt.

The Present Simple is also used to talk about things that will happen in a proper future becausethey have been previously planned (a trip).
I'm visting my grandparents tomorow.

With the Present Simple we usually use temporal expressions such as: every day/week/year, once/twice a month... With the Present Continuous we use: now, at the moment, today, these days...
When we use the Present Continuous talking about the future, the temporal expressions used are: later, tomorrow, tonight,next month/week...
We can also use the Present Simple with frequency adverbs such as: always, often, sometimes, never... All these expressions go after the verb. Unless the verb is to be, that they go after it.

PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS
The Past Simple indicates an action that starts and ends in the sentence. The Past Continuous is used for perlongated actions that were happening in thepast.
When we use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous in the same sentence, the Past Simple usually goes with when, while or as and the Past Continuous.
We were listening to the radio when Bill arrived.
While/As we were listening to the radio , Bill arrived.

With the Past Simple and the Past Continuous, we usually use these temporal expressions: the ones with ago at the end, lastnight/week/Monday, at + hour, on + day, in + year.

WILL / BE GOING TO
Will is used to talk about actions or future facts, to predict what we think will happen and to express sudden decisions
Paul will travel to Los Angeles.
I think it will rain this afternoon.
I'm worried, I'll call her.
Going to is used to talk about intentions, plans or decisions and to express what will come because we are almostsure about it.
I'm goingto learn Italian
They're going to have a baby.
With will and going to temporal expressions such as later, soon, in an hour, tomorrow, next year, in the future, in + year, are used
DETERMINANTS
A/an: with singular countable nouns. They are used before an unknown noun.
A picture. An apple
Some: in affirmative sentences, with plural countable nouns and with uncountablenouns, interrogative sentences: when the question expresses an offer or a petition and the answer is expected to be affirmative.
There are some kids
We've got some milk.
Would you like some tea?
Any: in negative and interrogative sentences, with plural countable nouns and with uncountable.
I haven't got any money.
My father doesn't got any money.
Are there any cookies?
Have you got anywater?

QUANTIFIERS
A lot of: with plural countable nouns and uncountable
A lot of teachers have had problems with him.
My sister has got a lot of homework.
Many: with plural countable nouns.
Many students play basball
Much: in negative and interrogative sentences, with uncountable nouns.
I haven't got much money.
Was there much smoke?
How many...?: with plural countable nouns.
How manytables are there?
How much...?: with uncountable nouns, when the verb to be is used to ask the price of something.
How much painting do you need?
How much is it?

COMPARING ADJECTIVES
To compare two things, people or animals we use adjectives in a comparative grade.
If we compare two or more things and one is greater/better... than the others, we use a comparative of superiority. To formit, we have to pay attention to the adjective's length:
If it has 1 syllable or 2 and it is ended with y, we consider it short and we add -er and we use than.
If the adjective has 2 or more syllables, we consider it long and we do the comparative with more + adjective + than.
The grey bag is cheaper than the black one.
The black bag is more expensive than the grey one....