Ensayo Tuberculino

Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis: a Dynamic View of Biomarker Discovery
Shajo Kunnath-Velayudhan and Maria Laura Gennaro Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2011, 24(4):792. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00014-11.

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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Oct. 2011, p. 792–805 0893-8512/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/CMR.00014-11 Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Vol. 24, No. 4

Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis: a Dynamic View of Biomarker Discovery
Shajo Kunnath-Velayudhan and Maria Laura Gennaro*
The Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School,225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................792 THE GRANULOMATOUS LESIONS .....................................................................................................................793 The Tuberculous Granuloma................................................................................................................................793 Priming in the Granuloma ....................................................................................................................................794 Bacterial Phenotypes and Antigen Expression...................................................................................................795 Local and Systemic Immune Responses..............................................................................................................795 IMMUNE MARKERS ................................................................................................................................................796 Mediators of Antigen-Specific ImmuneResponses............................................................................................796 Cellular Immune Responses and Infection State...............................................................................................797 Cellular responses in latent infection and active TB ....................................................................................797Cellular responses and antigen expression.....................................................................................................798 Cellular responses and disease progression ...................................................................................................798 Humoral Immune Responses and Infection State.............................................................................................798 Antibody responses and bacterial metabolic status.......................................................................................798 Antibody responses and bacterial burden .......................................................................................................799 Antibody responses and diseaseprogression..................................................................................................799 Diversity of antibody responses ........................................................................................................................799 NEW PRINCIPLES FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY........................................................................................800 A Paradigm Shift...