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Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an industry standard methodology for measuring and controlling quality during the manufacturing process. Attribute data (measurements) is collected from products as they are being produced.
By establishing upper and lower control limits, variations in the process can be detected before they result in defective product, entirely eliminating the need for finalinspection.
Common errors while implementing SPC
1. Putting spec limits on control charts.
2. Using control charts only to satisfy customer needs.
3. Plotting data for a control chart in the QA lab, after the process has already been run. It is like driving your car using your rearview mirror.
4. Using the wrong type of control chart for the process resulting in false signals or mutedsignals.
5. Not taking random samples from the process or not using a sampling frequency or sample size that captures the variation in the process.
6. SPC is used to control product characteristics after a part is manufactured and the defect has been made. That's why it is called statistical PROCESS control and NOT statistical PRODUCT control.
With this tool, constant tweaking of the process iseliminated.
In addition, SPC can be helpful in identifying opportunities for improvement that can lead to reduced variation and processes that are better aimed at their target.
Rationale for SPC
Control of Variation
Continuous Improvement
Predictability of Processes
Elimination of Waste
Product Inspection
The Seven Step Process
The use of a Seven Step Process improves statisticalprocess control. Proper application of SPC will improve
process, product and financial results.
1. Investigation and benchmarking of current process,
2. Identification of appropriate measurable variables,
3. Estimation of available resources and project cost,
4. Estimation of project time line,
5. Application of appropriate statistical techniques,
6. Implementation of corrective actionand
7. Statistical monitoring of identified variables
Objective analysis of variation
SPC must be practiced in 2 phases: The first phase is the initial establishment of the process, and the second phase is the regular production use of the process. In the second phase, we need to decide the period to be examined, depending upon the change in 4-M conditions (Man, Machine, Material, Method) .Outsourcing is contracting with another company or person to do a particular function. Almost every organization outsources in some way. Typically, the function being outsourced is considered non-core to the business.
But some organizations outsource whole operations. The most common forms are information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO).
The process ofoutsourcing generally encompasses four stages: 1) strategic thinking; 2) evaluation and selection; 3) contract development; 4) outsourcing management or governance.
The Advantages of Outsourcing
Swiftness and Expertise; Concentrating on core process rather than the supporting ones; Risk-sharing; Reduced Operational and Recruitment costs.
The Disadvantages of Outsourcing
Risk of exposing confidentialdata; Synchronizing the deliverables; Hidden costs; Lack of customer focus.
Development of the electrical engineering in industry
Thomas Edison (1847-1931) «development of the incandescent lamp (1879) and electric system»
In 1881 Gaulard-Gibbs built and demonstrated the feasibility of a power system (AC).
Nikola Tesla invented the induction motor with rotating magnetic field that made unitdrives for machines feasible and made AC power transmission an economic necessity.
Before existing PLCs, the hardwired logic was the method to automate complex processes industries.
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the advantages that these teams have is that, thanks to them, you may save time in the development of projects and may change without additional costs. On the other hand, are small...