Ensayos

lARCHAEOLOGY REVIEW FOR THE FINAL EXAM

MESOAMERICA
1. The term "Mesoamerica" was first used by the German ethnologist named: Paul K.

Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica....


It was called like this because it was all a same empire.


2. Name the five countries that form part of Mesoamerica. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.


3. Name 3 culturalcharacteristics that are unique of Mesoamerican civilizations. language, religion, heroglyphics, corn, sedentary.

TIME PERIODS
Write the main characteristics of the following 5 time periods. Match the characteristics below.
Paleoindian
Archaic
Preclassic
Classic Postclassic

The people were hunters and gatherers. Paleoindian.
Agriculture was developed. Archaic
The city'states of the Mirador Basin were established. Classic
Cities like Tikal, Copán, and Palenque were established. Preclassic
Permanent villages were established. postclassic
The height of Maya Civilization. Classic
Mayan cities were established in the Yucatán Peninsula. classic
They were nomads, moved from one place to another. paleoindian.
Iximche, Zaculeu, Mixco Viejo and Qumarkaj wereestablished. postClassic
They started creating pottery. postclassic
The Mayan cities were abandoned. postclassic
The Olmec civilization established in San Lorenzo and La Venta. preclassic
They used Clovis and Folsom tools. Archaic

AREAS
Write the names of the archaeological sites that are located in each area.
Mirador Basin: El Mirador, Nagbe, San Bartolo.
Motagua Valley:Petexbatún Area: Dos Pilas, Tamarindito, Arroyo de Piedras, Aguateca, Cancuen.
Lowlands: Tikal, Waxatun...
Usumacinta Valley: Palenque, Bonampac, Yaxilan.
Southern Coast: Takalik Abaj, Zacualeu

MAP
In a map of Guatemala locate and color the areas named in the box above. BRING CRAYONS FOR THE TEST.

VOCABULARY
Define the following words.
Twin Cities: Like Tikal & Dos Pilas.Hiatus Altar: Round stone where they made sacrifices. In Yaxilan.
Iconography: pending
Sacbeob: Pending
Stela: Written & decorated stone.
Ballgame Mayan game were they used all their bny.
Sacrifice: To turture a person in honor of the Gns.
Emblem glyph: the flag of the site.
Glyph: Mayan writing
Archaeologist: Person who studies the human past life.
Epigraphy: Study of theMayan glyphs.
Mural: Painted 7ll.
Stucco: White material which they covered the buildings.
Roof comb Pending
Platform Stairs.
Staircase: Stairs in the pyramid
Frieze Pengng
Cenotes Water ponds, cqstaline water.
City -State: Each city was a city-state.
Headdress: Decoratq the head.
Jade: Mayan jewel.
Ball marker: Marked who won.
Limestone: Stone used to makepyramids & tools.
Sarcophagus: Were they put the dead.
Palace: Were the king lived.
Obsidian: ston.
Ceramics: Pettery.
Culture: Tradisions of a determinated place.
Temple: Were they honored their Gods.
Polytheistic: Believing in many Gods.
Civilization: People of a determinate city.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS OF EACH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE.
Paste one image ofeach site.
SAN LORENZO / LA VENTA
Which culture established in this site? Olmecs.
What do the big heads represent? Nobles.
What is a nahual? the language.
What does the jaguar child sculpture represent?your soul.

TAKALIK ABAJ
Which materials were used for building the structures? stones.
Which historical event is Stela Ralda depicting? it was built in honor of the ralda family whogave their lands to uncover the site.
How is the east and west ideology represented in their sculptures? East: Human life.

Wes+: Underworld.

TEOTIHUACAN
What does the feathered serpent ideology mean? the Gods.
How is their knowledge of astronomy represented in the placement of their pyramids? they could see the cosmos. & the Sun's movement.

EL MIRADOR
What is the name of the...