Equivalente De Arena

Designation: D 2419 – 02

Standard Test Method for

Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon(e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid fieldcorrelation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate,
under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-like
or plastic fines and dust in granularsoils and fine aggregates
that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and fine
aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand, and
generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.

D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids4
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
Purposes52.2 AASHTO Standard:
T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded
Aggregates and Soils by Use of Sand Equivalent Test6
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 fine aggregate—aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.)
sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
and predominantly retained on the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve (see
Terminology D 8).
3.1.2 sand equivalent—a measureof the amount of silt or
clay contamination in the fine aggregate (or soil) as determined
by test (see Terminology D 653). (For further explanation, see
Summary of Test Method and Significance and Use.)
3.1.3 soil—sediments or other unconsolidated accumulations of solid particles produced by the physical and chemical
disintegration of rocks which may or may not contain organic
matter (seeTerminology D 653).

NOTE 1—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size
smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the
clay-like or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm
(No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower
the numerical results of the test.

1.2 Units of Measurement:
1.2.1 The values stated inSI units are to be regarded as the
standard, with the exception of the dimensions of the special
sand equivalent test apparatus described in Fig. 1, in which the
the inch dimensions are standard. Values in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user ofthis standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured volume of soil or fine aggregate and a small
quantity of flocculating solution are poured into a graduated
plastic cylinder and are agitated to loosen the claylike coatings
from the sand particles in the testspecimen. The specimen is
then “irrigated” using additional flocculating solution forcing
the claylike material into suspension above the sand. After a
prescribed sedimentation period, the height of flocculated clay
is read and the height of sand in the cylinder is determined. The
sand equivalent is the ratio of the height of sand to the height
of clay times 100.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTMStandards:
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials2
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
Testing Size2
D 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements3
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3

5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the
relative amount, fineness,...