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The Antivirus
It is a program designed to prevent or avoid activating the virus and its spread and contagion. It also has routines detention, removal and reconstruction of the infected files and system areas.
In computer antivirus programs are aimed at detecting and / or remove computer viruses. They were born during the 1980s.
Over time, the appearance of more advanced operating systems andthe Internet, has made the virus have evolved into more advanced programs that not only seek to detect viruses, but block them, disinfect and prevent infection of the same, and currently are able to recognize other types of malware, such as spyware, rootkits, etc..
Methods of contagion
There are two main groups of propagation: viruses whose installation the user at any given time running orinadvertently accepted, or worms, with which the malicious acts replicating across networks.
In either case, the infected operating system begins to experience a series of bizarre behavior or unanticipated. These behaviors are what give the trace of the problem and have to allow recovery of the same.
Among the most frequent contaminations user interaction are the following:
• Messages thatautomatically run programs (like the mail program that directly opens an attachment).
• Social engineering, messages like: "Run this program and win a prize."
• Input information of other users infected disks.
• Installing software that may contain one or several malicious programs.
• Storage Removable Drives (USB).
Security and Protection Methods
There are numerous ways to combat the problem,however, as new programs and operating systems are introduced into the market, the harder it is to have controlled them all and will be easier than you can think of someone new ways to infect systems.
The methods to contain or reduce the risks associated with viruses can be denominated assets or liabilities.
The virus has three main functions and components:
        Vaccine
        The detector        The Eliminator
VACCINE:
Is a program installed memory resident, acts as a "filter" of the programs run, opened to be read or copied, in real time.
Types of vaccines
• Detection only: vaccines are updated only infected files but can not delete or disinfect.
• Detection and disinfection are vaccines infected files and can disinfect.
• Detection and abortion of the action: are vaccinesinfected files and stop actions causing virus
• Comparison of signatures: are vaccines that compare the signatures of suspicious files to see if they are infected.
• Comparison of file signatures: are vaccines that compare the signatures of the attributes stored on your computer.
• For heuristic methods: are vaccines that use heuristics to compare files.
• Invoked by the user: are vaccines that areactivated instantly with the user.
• Invoked by system activity: are vaccines that are activated instantly by operating system activity.
DETECTOR:
It's the program scans all files on the disk or to be told in a certain way. Has control instructions and exact recognition of viral codes that capture their peers, duly registered and extremely rapidly disarm its structure.
ELIMINATOR:
It is theprogram that once cleared the virus structure and immediately proceed to remove it later to repair or rebuild the files and relevant affected areas

How does a virus
Proactive detection and heuristics.
Involves analyzing behavior patterns of known viruses, and eliminate possible threats before being stored in the virus database.
The main techniques used by antivirus heuristics are:
Genericfirms
Recognition of compiled code
Disassembly
Unpacking
Retrospective evaluations
How to choose a good antivirus:
Updates
Speed
Stopping threats
Payment
Backups (passive)
Keep a backup policy ensures data recovery and response when none of this has worked.
Likewise, companies should have a plan and detail of all software installed in order to have a contingency plan in case of...