Estudiante

Paragraph 1: Education, Rearing
* “Cognitive enhancement may be defined as the amplification or extension of core capacities of the mind through improvement or augmentation of internal or external information processing systems.”

* Education, Enriched Environments, and General Health
* Longer education reduces the risk of substance abuse, crime and many illnesses whileimproving the quality of life, social connectedness, and political participation
* Increase crystallized intelligence—depth and breadth of general knowledge
* Enhancement of fluid intelligence is more difficult
* Enriched rearing environments have been found to increase dendritic arborisation and to produce synaptic changes, neurogenesis, and improve cognition in animals (quote)* Enriched environments also make brains more resilient to stress and neurotoxins
* Reducing neurotoxins and preventing bad prenatal environments are simple and widely accepted methods of improving cognitive functioning
* Improving sleep, immune function, and general conditioning promotes cognitive functioning
Long-term exercise improves cognition by increasing bloodsupply to the brain and the release of nerve growth factors
* Even education is a risky enhancement method. Education can enhance cognitive skills and capacities, but it can also create fanatics, dogmatists, sophistic arguers, skilled rationalizers, cynical manipulators, and indoctrinated, prejudiced, confused, or selfishly calculating minds. Even high-quality education that includes trainingin formal methods and critical thinking can have problematic effects. For instance, several studies indicate that the study of economics makes students on average more selfish than they were before
Paragraph 2: Over the Counter Drugs
* Caffeine is widely used to improve alterness
* Stimulant drugs such as nicotine and caffeine have long been used to improve cognition
* Diets anddietary supplements can affect cognition
* Brain requires a continuous supply of glucose
* Food can contribute to cognition by providing amino acids needed in the production of neurotransmitters, particularly important during periods of stress or sustained concentration
* There are also cognitive enhancer drinks which can help. Green tea and herbal drinks made of ginkobilboa and other roots, spices or fruits have made a huge splash in the market for their massive benefits. Many bottled teas and powders available are so popular because they contain concentrated amounts for maximum benefit, such as drinking as many as 20 cups of green tea with a single bottle.
* The case for food is, of course, that it is the most natural course to enhancing cognitive ability andmemory function. Several foods such as blueberries, eggs, fatty fish and beans have been proven to fuel the brain and improve memory function. Studies have also shown these foods to slow or stop degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s. The only issue is that you must eat considerable amounts of these foods on a regular basis to get the most enhancer benefit.
In the scientific literature onstudent use of enhancing drugs or caffeine as a study aid for academic performance enhancement, there are high prevalence rates with caffeinated substances (coffee, caffeinated drinks, caffeine tablets) but remarkably lower prevalence rates for illicit or prescription stimulants such as amphetamines or methylphenidate.

* The researchers note that caffeine is the most widely used ‘wakepromoting’ drug in the world, with stimulant effects on the central nervous system. A random digit dialling survey in the United States among 2,714 participants aged 25-74 showed that 78% were regular coffee drinkers and only 15% had never drunk coffee.
On the one hand, some scholars argue there is a moral difference, citing as evidence the detrimental medical impacts on health, negative implications...