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Challenger
The Space Shuttle Challenger (NASA Designation: OV-099) was the second orbiter space shuttle program to enter service. Its first flight took place on April 4, 1983, and completed ninemissions before disintegrating at 73 seconds after launch on its tenth mission, on January 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts. The Challenger was replaced by the space shuttle Endeavour first flew in1992, six years after the accident.

* The Challenger was built from the structure STA-099, used in structural testing in principle. The STA-099 was not designed for flight, but NASA found thatrecycling would be less expensive to retrofit the test shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) for spaceflight, as originally planned.
The Challenger, like the orbiters built after it had fewer tiles in itsthermal protection system than Columbia. Most of the tiles in the cargo doors, the upper surface of the rear wings and fuselage insulation was replaced by a target of DuPont Nomex. This modificationallowed the ferry carrying 1100 kg more payload than Columbia. The Challenger was also the first orbiter to carry a HUD display system similar to those used in modern civil and military aircraft. Thissystem eliminated the need to look at the instrument panel during descent and allowed the crew to concentrate more on the flight.
Columbia
The SpaceShuttle Columbia (NASA Designation: OV-102) was the first of NASA's space shuttle missions to fulfill beyond Earth. It was first released on April 12, 1981, and ended its existence to destroy to reenterthe atmosphere on February 1, 2003, taking with him all seven astronauts.
First launch of the space shuttle Columbia in April 1981.

     First flight:

   12-14 April 1981 (Crew: John W. Youngand Robert Crippen)

     Notable Missions:

     STS 1 to 5 in 1981-1982 was the first flight of Spacelab built by the European Space Agency (ESA).
     STS-50, from 25 June to 9 July 1992, was...