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AUSTRALIA
Introduction
Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country bytotal area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.Government
The federal government is separated into three branches:
The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, defined in section 1 of the constitution as comprising the Queen (represented by theGovernor-General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State.The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council.
States and territories
Australia has six states —New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Federal legislation overrides state legislation only in areas that are set out in Section 51of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including those over schools, state police, the state judiciary, roads, public transport, and local government,since these do not fall under the provisions listed in Section 51.
Demographics
For almost two centuries the majority of settlers, and later immigrants, came from the British Isles. As a result thepeople of Australia are primarily of British and/or Irish ethnic origin. The 2011 Census asked respondents to provide a maximum of two ancestries with which they most closely identify. The mostcommonly nominated ancestry was English (36.1 per cent), followed by Australian (35.4 per cent), Irish (10.4 per cent), Scottish (8.9 per cent), Italian (4.6 per cent), German (4.5 per cent), Chinese...