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RNA and Protein Synthesis

Vocabulary:
* Gene: are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell
* Messenger RNA: the RNA molecules that carry copies ofthese instructions
* Ribosomal RNA: ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins as well as a form of RNA
* Transcription: when RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotidesequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in the RNA
* RNA polymerase: is what binds the DNA and separates the DNA strands, then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides areassembled into a strand of RNA
* Promoter: the enzymes will only bind into this areas, which have specific base sequence
* Intron: the nucleotides in the DNA of eukaryotes, these are notinvolved in coding for proteins
* Exon: the DNA sequence that codes the proteins
* Codon: consists of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to thepolypeptide
* Translation: the decoding of an mRNA message unto a polypeptide chain (protein)
* Anticodon: this are complementary bases to one mRNA codon

Notes:
* RNA consists of a longchain of nucleotides
* Each nucleotide is made up by five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
* The differences between RNA and DNA are: RNA the sugar is ribose instead ofdeoxyribose, RNA is generally single-stranded, and RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
* RNA has many functions but in the majority of the cells it is protein synthesis
* There are three maintypes of RNA messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
* The RNA molecules that carry copies of this instructions are knkown as messenger RNA
* Ribosomes are made up of several dozenproteins, as well as a form of RNA known as ribosomal RNA
* When each amino acid is transferred into the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in the mRNA, the RNA molecules are called the...