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Insight Report

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012
Reducing Supply Chain Barriers
ROBERT Z. LAWRENCE, MARGARETA DRZENIEK HANOUZ, AND SEAN DOHERTY, EDITORS

Insight Report

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012
Reducing Supply Chain Barriers

Robert Z. Lawrence Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz Sean Doherty Editors

@ 2012 World Economic Forum

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012 ispublished by the World Economic Forum within the framework of the Global Competitiveness Network and the Supply Chain and Transportation Industry Partnership. The terms country and nation as used in this Report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economicareas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.

World Economic Forum Geneva Copyright © 2012 by the World Economic Forum Published by World Economic Forum www.weforum.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum. ISBN-10: 92-95044-29-0 ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-29-6 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. The full version of the Report with profiles of all 132 economies is available at www.weforum.org/getr.

@ 2012 World Economic Forum

ContentsContributors Partner Institutes Preface
by Børge Brende and Robert Greenhill, World Economic Forum

v vii xiii

1.5 Illicit Trade, Supply Chain Integrity, and Technology
by Justin Picard, Advanced Track & Trace; and Carlos A. Alvarenga, Accenture

57

1.6 Business Perspectives on Obstacles to Trade: Evidence from New Survey Data
by Julia Spies, International Trade Centre

65Executive Summary
by Sean Doherty, Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, and Ronald Phillip, World Economic Forum

xv

1.7 Expansion of Customs-Business Partnerships in the 21st Century
by Kunio Mikuriya, World Customs Organization

77

Part 1: Enabling Trade: Selected Issues
1.1 Reducing Supply Chain Barriers: The Enabling Trade Index 2012
by Robert Z. Lawrence, Harvard University; and Sean Doherty andMargareta Drzeniek Hanouz, World Economic Forum

1
3

1.8 The Merchant Fleet: A Facilitator of World Trade
By Hans Oust Heiberg, DNB Bank ASA

85

1.9 Benefits of Trade Facilitation: The Case of Costa Rica
by Carlos Grau Tanner, Global Express Association

91

1.2 The Rise of Global Supply Chains: Implications for Global Trade
by the Global Agenda Council on the Global TradeSystem, World Economic Forum

35

Part 2: Country/Economy Profiles

95

How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles ..................................97 Index of Countries/Economies ......................................................101 Country/Economy Profiles ............................................................102

1.3 The Global Value Chain, the Enterprise-Based Operating Model, andChallenges to the Sovereign-Based Economic Measurement System
by Gene Huang, FedEx Corporation

41

Technical Notes and Sources About the Authors Acknowledgments

367 375 379

1.4 Logistics Investment and Trade Growth: The Need for Better Analytics
by Donald Ratliff and Amar Ramudhin, Georgia Institute of Technology

47

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012 | iii
@ 2012 WorldEconomic Forum

@ 2012 World Economic Forum

Contributors

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Børge Brende, Managing Director, Government Relations and Constituents Engagement, World Economic Forum Robert Greenhill, Chief Business Officer, World Economic Forum LEAD ACADEMIC AND CO-EDITOR Robert Z. Lawrence, Albert L. Williams Professor of Trade and Investment,...