F1 técnicas de obtención de extractos totales y aceites esenciales

PROGRAMA
NOMBRE DEL CURSO
TECNOLOGÍA EN REGENCIA DE FARMACIA
FITOQUÍMICA

PRACTICA No
NOMBRE DE LA PRACTICA
DURACIÓN EN HORAS
1
TÉCNICAS DE OBTENCIÓN DE EXTRACTOS TOTALES
3

1. INTRODUCCIÓN:“Extraction, as the term is used pharmaceutically, involves the separation of medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissues from the inactive or inert components by using selective solvents instandard extraction procedures. The products so obtained from plants are relatively
impure liquids, semisolids or powders intended only for oral or external use.
These include classes of preparationsknown as decoctions, infusions, fluid extracts, tinctures, pilular (semisolid) extracts and powdered extracts. Such preparations popularly have been called galenicals, named after Galen, the secondcentury Greek physician. The purposes of standardized extraction procedures for crude drugs are to attain the therapeutically desired portion and to eliminate the inert material by treatment with aselective solvent known as menstruum.
The extract thus obtained may be ready for use as a medicinal agent in the form of tinctures and fluid extracts, it may be further processed to be incorporated in anydosage form such as tablets or capsules, or it may be fractionated to isolate individual chemical entities such as ajmalicine, hyoscine and vincristine, which are modern drugs. Thus, standardization ofextraction procedures contributes significantly to the final quality of the herbal drug”.
(Handa, S.S., et al., Extraction tenchnologies for medicinal and aromatic plants. 1 ed. Vol. 1. 2008:International centre for science and high technology. 22)

2. FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA:
Tipos de extracción, (sólido- líquido, líquido- líquido)
Funcionamiento, ventajas y desventajas de las técnicas: soxleth,destilación por arrastre con vapor y maceración
Clasificación de solventes de acuerdo a su polaridad

3. OBJETIVOS: El estudiante redactará los objetivos de la práctica de acuerdo al desarrollo...