Fibras

RECUPERACIÓN DE FIBRAS PROYECTO DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO TECNOLÓGICO

INTEGRANTES Luisa Fernanda Vera Salcedo Julián David Barrera Mantilla ASESOR Myriam Luisa Rodríguez de Guevara Docente Química

INSTITUTO TECNICO INDUSTRIAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS AREA DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL QUIMICA BOGOTÁ D.C. 2009

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INTRODUCCION
1. 2. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.9 SUMMARY RESUMEN JUSTIFICACION PROBLEMA OBJETIVOS MARCO CONCEPTUAL MARCO DE REFERENCIA MARCO TEORICO METODOLOGIA ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS 1 3 4 5 6 7 12 13 22 25

CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFIA

RECUPERACIÓN DE FIBRAS PROYECTO DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO TECNOLÓGICO SUMMARY What will it be the most feasible and economic way to recycle PET (Dacron) and nylon products? Is it possible the utilizationof not WOODEN plant material like the corn leaves in the cellulose obtaining process? Recuperate the synthetic fibers from used clothes such as shirts, skirts, and panty hoses to fabricate new products. To recycle nylon products, it is carried out an acid hydrolysis through an endothermic reaction with H2SO4, heating up the solution or acid mix, and washing with hot water after filtering it. Thelast step is to dissolve the obtained result in water and activated carbon. The PET or Dacron is obtained through a double acid hydrolysis with H2SO4 and HCl on an ice surface. To obtain cellulose from the corn leaves, it is performed a basic hydrolysis dissolving the leaves in NaOH and KOH. Then NaClO is added after filtering and a cementing agent is joined once the mix is washed. Finally, thispulp is smoothed, dried and laminated. Recycling and reusing of waste products fibers is good for the environment, saves energy, reduces raw material extraction and combats climate change. As well as helping to create a green social consciousness.

JUSTIFICATION Our planet, our home, every day is more contaminated and the pacts signed between governments are not useful. Industries do not destinatecapital to create elements and programs to persue the protection of the environment and to decrease the use of energy. This is the reason to implement new ways to reuse and recycle waste products like nylon shirts, Dacron skirts and panty hoses, reducing the environmental damage that they cause. Obtaining cellulose from wood generates a huge environmental damage due to the logging and/or burningof trees in forested areas. Our proposition is to produce cellulose from other plant materials such as corn leaves crude pulp. This raw material is found in Cundinamarca and Boyaca regions where the corn plantations are vast and the corn leaves are thrown to the garbage bins. This idea will be also helpful in the coca eradication process, replacing the use of the coca leaves to produce drugs forits utilization to create paper and crude pulp. We will contribute to our government goal which is the seeking of the peace, the economic stability and the social equity our country.

RESUMEN ¿Qué proceso es factible y económicamente viable para reciclar materiales usados que contengan fibras de nylon y dacrón? Es posible la utilización de material vegetal no

MADERABLE como los ameros demazorca para la obtención de celulosa?
De elementos usados como blusas y medias veladas, recuperar las fibras sintéticas que las componen para ser utilizadas en la fabricación de nuevos productos Para reciclar elementos de nailon se lleva a cabo una hidrólisis ácida mediante una reacción endotérmica con H2SO4, calentando la solución o mezcla ácida, se filtra para posteriormente lavar con aguacaliente y finalmente disolver el precipitado obtenido en agua y carbón activado. El Dacron se obtiene por doble hidrólisis ácida con H2SO4 y HCl en una cama de hielo Para la obtención de celulosa de los ameros de mazorca se aplica una hidrólisis básica, se disuelven las hojas en NaOH o KOH, después de un filtrado se agrega NaClO, para luego lavar y agregar un aglutinante natural o artificial;...