Fisica

Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only.

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used tocreate copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development andfunctioning of all known living organisms (with the exception of RNA viruses).

WHY CLONE?
Cloning for medical purposes. Much of what researchers learn about human disease comes from studying animalmodels such as mice. Often, animal models are genetically engineered to carry disease-causing mutations in their genes. Cloning technologies might reduce the time needed to make a transgenic animalmodel, and the result would be a population of genetically identical animals for study.

Stem cells are the body's building blocks, responsible for developing, maintaining and repairing the bodythroughout life. As a result, they might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Researchers are currently looking toward cloning as a way to create genetically defined human stem cells forresearch and medical purposes.

What are the risk of Cloning?
There is a really high risk of failure. Cloning animals through somatic cell nuclear transfer is simply inefficient. The success rateranges from 0.1 percent to 3 percent, which means that for every 1000 tries, only one to 30 clones are made. Or you can look at it as 970 to 999 failures in 1000 tries. That's a lot of effort withonly a speck of a return!

Dolly was the first cloned mammal in history. She was cloned through the process of nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer is when scientists remove the nucleus from an oocyte...