Geologia

Geología definición – geology

Porosidad – porosity

Permeabilidad - Permeability

Saturación - Saturation

Roca madre- Bedrock

Mapas geológicos- Geological Map

Roca y tipo y definición- Rock or stone

Distribución geológica del petróleo - Petroleum’s Geological Distribution

Importancia de la geología- Geology Importance

Palabras técnica que con su significado en español. -Technical Words

• Geology is the science that comprises the study of the solid Earth and the processes by which it is shaped and changed. Geology provides primary evidence for plate tectonics, the history of life and evolution, and past climates.

• Porosity is a measure of the void spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0–1, oras a percentage between 0–100%. It is used in geology, hydrogeology, soil science, and building science, the porosity of a porous medium (such as rock or sediment) describes the fraction of void space in the material, where the void may contain, for example, air or water. It is defined by the ratio:
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where VV is the volume of void-space (such as fluids) and VT is the total orbulk volume of material, including the solid and void components. Both the mathematical symbols φ and n are used to denote porosity.
Porosity is a fraction between 0 and 1, typically ranging from less than 0.01 for solid granite to more than 0.5 for peat and clay. It may also be represented in percent terms by multiplying the fraction by 100.
The porosity of a rock, orsedimentary layer, is an important consideration when attempting to evaluate the potential volume of water or hydrocarbons it may contain. Sedimentary porosity is a complicated function of many factors, including but not limited to: rate of burial, depth of burial, the nature of the connate fluids, the nature of overlying sediments (which may impede fluid expulsion).
• Permeability is a measure ofthe ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids.

• Saturation The hydrocarbon saturation expresses the percentage of pore space that is occupied by oil or natural gas. Most rock is completely saturated with groundwater. Sometimes, under the right conditions, some of the pore space in the rock is occupied by other liquids or gases. In the energy industry, oil and natural gasare the fluids most commonly being modelled. The preferred methods for calculating hydrocarbon saturations in a geologic model incorporate an estimate of pore throat size, the densities of the fluids, and the height of the cell above the water contact, since these factors exert the strongest influence on capillary action, which ultimately controls fluid saturations.

• Bedrock Is the solidrock at the surface or underlying other surface materials. Rock of relatively great thickness and extent in its native location. A general term for any solid rock, not exhibiting soil-like properties, that underlies soil or other unconsolidated surficial materials. As distinguished from boulders. The consolidated body of natural solid mineral matter which underlies the overburden soils. The solidrock that underlies all soil, sand, clay, gravel, and other loose materials on the earth's surface.

• Geological Map A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show geological features. Rock units or geologic strata are shown by color or symbols to indicate where they are exposed at the surface. Bedding planes and structural features such as faults, folds,foliations, and lineations are shown with strike and dip or trend and plunge symbols which give these features' three-dimensional orientations.
Stratigraphic contour lines may be used to illustrate the surface of a selected stratum illustrating the subsurface topographic trends of the strata. Isopach maps detail the variations in thickness of stratigraphic units. It is not always possible to...