Gerund and infinitive

THE USE OF THE ING FORM 1. Usually we add ing work stand learn working standing learning

2. When the verb ends in an e, we drop the e and add ing come have write coming having writing

3. If a one syllable (with only one vowel sound) verb ends in one consonant (for example p, t, r) that follows one vowel (for example a, o, e), we double the consonant. swim get stop swimming getting stopping4. Some verbs have irregular ing form lie die travel lying dying Br. travelling Am. traveling

Use
-ing form used as a noun

Form
infinitive + -ing

Examples
Going to parties is fun. Gerund is subject I enjoy reading. Gerund is object

We use the Gerund after prepositions. adjective + preposition We use the Gerund after the following phrases: afraid of angry about/at They are afraidof losing the match. Pat is angry about walking in the rain.

1

bad at good at clever at crazy about disappointed about/at excited about famous for fed up with fond of glad about happy about/at interested in keen on proud of sick of sorry about/for tired of used to worried about

John is good at working in the garden. He is clever at skateboarding. The girl is crazy about playing tennis.He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report. We are excited about making our own film. Sandy is famous for singing songs. I'm fed up with being treated as a child. Hannah is fond of going to parties. She is glad about getting married again. The children are not happy about seeing a doctor. Are you interested in writing poems? Joe is keen on drawing. She is proud of riding a snowboard. We'resick of sitting around like this. He's sorry for eating in the lesson. I'm tired of waiting for you. She is used to smoking. I'm worried about making mistakes.

We use the Gerund after prepositions. noun + preposition We use the Gerund after the following nouns: advantage of chance of choice between danger of difficulty in doubt about hope of idea of interest in method of opportunity ofpossibility of problem of reason for risk of trouble for What is the advantage of farming over hunting? There's a chance of catching a cold these days. There's a choice between flying to London Heathrow or Stansted. Peggy is in danger of making a mistake. He has difficulty in sending SMS. He is in doubt about buying the correct software for his computer system. There's little hope of catching Schumacher'sFerrari. I like the idea of setting up a new email account. There's no interest in writing letters. This is a simple method of finding solutions. There's some opportunity of bringing her parents together again. These new wheels offer the possibility of riding tubeless. He has the problem of swimming too slow. There's a real reason for winning the contest. There's a risk of digging too deep. He wasin trouble for stealing.

2

way of

This is a new way of building a wall.

We use the Gerund after prepositions. verb + preposition Exception: to Here we use the phrase: looking forward to + Gerund Example: I'm looking forward to seeing you soon. We use the Gerund after the following phrases: accuse of agree with apologize for believe in blame for complain about concentrate oncongratulate sb. on cope with decide against depend on dream about/of feel like get used to insist on look forward to prevent sb. from sth. rely on sth. succeed in specialize in stop sb. from talk about/of think of warn sb. against worry about They were accused of breaking into a shop. I agree with playing darts. They apologize for being late. She doesn't believe in getting lost in the wood. The reporteris blamed for writing bad stories. She complains about bullying. Do you concentrate on reading or writing? I wanted to congratulate you on making such a good speech. He is not sure how to cope with getting older. They decided against stealing the car. Success may depend on becoming more patient. Sue dreams of being a pop star. They feel like going to bed. You must get used to working long hours....