Glosario de términos en inglés, aplicación inventarios

Inventory glossary

2-way pallet—See Pallet
3PL—Third party logistics (see separate listing)
4-way pallet—See Pallet
Activity based costing—usually refers to costing method that breaks down overhead costs into specific activities (cost drivers) in order to more accurately distribute the costs in product costing. Has also been applied to customer and vendor management.
ABCstratification—method used to categorize inventory into groups based upon certain activity characteristics. Examples of ABC stratifications would include ABC by velocity (times sold), ABC by sales dollars, ABC by quantity sold / consumed, ABC by average inventory investment, ABC by margin. ABC stratifications are used to develop inventory planning policies, set count frequencies for cycle counting, slot inventory foroptimized order picking, and other inventory management activities.
Actual cost—inventory costing method used in manufacturing environments that uses the actual materials costs, machine costs, and labor costs reported against a specific work order to calculate the cost of the finished item.
ADC—Automated data collection. See Automated Data Collection
Advanced planning and scheduling—softwaresystem designed to integrate with ERP and MRP systems to enhance the short term production planning and scheduling systems that are notoriously inadequate in MRP systems.  APS  systems have extensive programming logic that allows them to be more effective in dealing with rapidly changing customer demands.
Advanced shipment notification—advanced shipment notifications (ASNs) are used to notify acustomer of a shipment. ASNs will often include PO numbers, SKU numbers, lot numbers, quantity, pallet or container number, carton number. ASNs may be paper-based, however, electronic notification is preferred. Advanced shipment notification systems are usually combined with bar-coded compliance labeling which allows the customer to receive the shipment into inventory through the use of bar-codescanners and automated data collection systems.
AIDC—Automatic identification & data collection. See Automated Data Collection
Allocations—allocations in inventory management refer to actual demand created by sales orders or work orders against a specific item.  The terminology and the actual processing that controls allocations will vary from one software system to another.  A standardallocation is an aggregate quantity of demand against a specific item in a specific facility, I have heard standard allocations referred to as normal allocations, soft allocations, soft commitments, regular allocations. Standard allocations do not specify that specific units will go to specific orders.  A firm allocation is an allocation against specific units within a facility, such as an allocationagainst a specific location, lot, or serial number.  Firm allocations are also referred to as specific allocations, frozen allocations, hard allocations, hard commitments, holds, reserved inventory.  Standard allocations simply show that there is demand while firm allocations reserve or hold the inventory for the specific order designated.
APS—see Advanced Planning and Scheduling
ASN—see AdvancedShipment Notifications
ASRS—see Automated Storage a Retrieval Systems
ASP,  Application service provider—a twist in software marketing in which the software licenses are owned by the ASP and reside on their system while the client rents the rights to use the software.  The ASP may be the software manufacturer or a third party business.  The benefits to an using an ASP are lower upfront costs,quicker implementations, and the reduction of the need for internal IS personnel and mainframe/server hardware.  It is hoped that ASPs will allow small to midsize businesses greater access to technology than was previously available. More recently the terms SaaS (Software as a Service) and On-demand Software have emerged to describe this same scenario.
Autodiscrimination—the functionality of a...