Glosario Definiciones En Ingles

University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations

Teaching
Knowledge
Test
Glossary

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TKT GLOSSARY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELT) TERMINOLOGY
The words in this glossary are entered into categories to help the reader. Some entries fall into more than one
category. However, toeconomise on space they have only been entered once. Candidates preparing for specific
modules should, therefore, ensure that they are familiar with all the terms in the glossary.
The list is indicative only. Other terms may also appear in TKT.

MODULE 1
Concepts and terminology for describing language
GRAMMAR
Please note that you should refer to a grammar reference book for more detailedinformation about the
grammar items in this Glossary, and also that the list of grammar items in this section is not exhaustive.
Active voice
In an active sentence, the subject of the verb usually does or causes the action, e.g. The car hit the tree.
See passive voice.
Adjective
An adjective describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun, e.g. a cold day. See comparative
adjective,demonstrative adjective, -ing/-ed adjective, possessive adjective, superlative adjective.
Adverb
An adverb describes or gives more information about how, when, where, or to what degree etc something is done,
e.g. he worked quickly and well.
Apostrophe
A punctuation mark (’). The ’ is added to a singular noun before an s to show that something belongs to someone,
e.g. John’s house.
ArticleAn article can be definite (the), indefinite (a/an) or zero (-), e.g. I was at (-) home in the sitting room when I heard
a noise.
Aspect
A way of looking at verb forms not purely in relation to time. Aspect relates to the type of event, e.g. whether it is long
or short, whether it is complete or not, whether it is repetitive or not, whether it is connected to the time of speaking or
not.There are two aspects in English, the continuous/progressive and the perfect. The continuous aspect, for
example, suggests that something is happening temporarily.
‘At’ symbol
A punctuation mark (@) used instead of ‘at’ in email addresses, e.g. john@yahoo.com
Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb is a verb used with other verbs to make questions, negatives, tenses, etc e.g. be, do, have.
Base formof a verb
The base form of a verb is the infinitive form of a verb without ‘to’, e.g. go.
Capital letter
A letter of the form and size used at the beginning of a sentence or a name, e.g. They went to Spain last year.

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Clause
A clause generally consists of a subject and a finiteverb relating to the subject and any other elements, e.g. object.
A clause can be a full sentence or a part of a sentence.
Main clause
When the teacher arrived, the learners stopped talking.
Subordinate clause
When the teacher arrived, the learners stopped talking.
Relative clause
The learners who were sitting near the front stood up.
Collective noun
A collective noun is a noun thatrefers to a group of people or things, e.g. the police, the government.
Comma
A punctuation mark (,) used to separate items in a list or to show where there is a pause in a sentence, e.g. I bought
some apples, oranges, bananas and lemons. When I went to the market, I met my friend.
Comparative adjective
A comparative adjective compares two things, e.g. He is taller than she is.
Complex sentenceA sentence containing a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
Compound noun
A compound noun is a combination of two or more words, which are used as a single word, e.g. a flower shop,
a headache.
Conditional (forms)
A verb form that refers to a possible or imagined situation. Grammar books often mention four kinds of conditionals:
First conditional – refers to present or future...