Gsedhyshd

Germany and SwitzerlandIn Germany and in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, Dozent or Hochschuldozent denotes an academic appointment at a university or similar institution, at a mid level ranking of seniority.

The title of Privatdozent is used (with certain conditions) by those who have successfully completed a Habilitation, thereby denoting that its holder has the right toindependently teach without being supervised by a professor. In this way, a Privatdozent may for instance hold an appointment as Hochschuldozent or Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter, or even Professor.

[edit] Central and Eastern Europe This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (Consider using more specific cleanup instructions.) Please help improve this section if you can. Thetalk page may contain suggestions. (November 2009)

In many countries, with academic traditions that stem from German-speaking countries, "docent" is an academic appointment below that of a professor. This is the situation in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Docent is the lowest academic title that confers the right to teach at theuniversity, below the extraordinary professor (associate professor in English parlance) and ordinary professor (full professor).

In Poland the title of docent formerly was mandatory in order to become a professor (i.e. full professor). This is no longer a requirement and this title nearly vanished in the last 20 years. Currently this title may be given to a person on non-scientist duty(teacher/instructor). Only a person on scientist duty may apply for the title of professor, therefore docent is the highest title for teachers and instructors.

In countries such as Lithuania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Russia and Ukraine "docent" is used as an academic title[dubious – discuss].

[edit] Northern EuropeIn Finland and Sweden, docent (Finnish dosentti, Swedish docent), is an academictitle conferred to a person fulfilling requirements similar to German Privatdozent. Such persons are usually expected to give lectures on their specialities if their professional activities permit this. Most docents are employed at the university where they are docents, but usually in a different position (often with the title Lecturer, which is equivalent to Associate Professor)[citation needed].The Docents' Union of Finland and the Ministry of Education recommend the term Adjunct Professor.[1][2]

In Sweden, there used to be both stipendiary (docentstipendiat) and non-stipendiary (oavlönad docent) docent positions. A stipendiary docent both held the docent title (for life), and benefited from a stipend that paid for his or her salary at the university for up to six years. Thenon-stipendiary alternative was solely an academic title (also for life). Today only the non-stipendiary docent title exists. It is in most cases awarded to people employed as university lecturer (B)/assisting professor with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship after a rigorous review of their research; as such, Docent is equivelent to First Lecturer/SeniorLecturer/Associate Professor/Reader.

The title of docent is the second highest grade in the Swedish academic system, the highest being "professor". A docentship should be regarded as an educational title not connected with the employment pyramid as such. This is rather an assurance of the level of expertise, to enable the person to advance further in his/her academic career. A docent qualification is requiredof all head doctoral student supervisors. For conferment of the title, there is a requirement that the researcher has a good overview of his research area and has demonstrated both the ability to formulate research problems and to independently carry through research programs. It is a requirement that the researcher should be able to lead research projects. The researcher must have substantial...