Gudifer

Absolutism

* Absolutism: a type of strong monarchy that develop in Europe in which the king had absolute power- Example: there was no parliament, and it was believed that this power came from god Divine rights of king.
* King had absolutism when they had no parliament to put limit on
* Parliament: puts limits to the king.
* People were called citizens under a republic.
*Republic: is when power comes from the people who voted for him. For example, the king’s power in a republic comes from the citizens who elect him.
* Power between countries came from wars.
* By the early 1500´s centuries, England, France and Spain had developed strong national governments, under rulers who were almost absolute monarchs.
* The central government was sovereign; thismeans that its authority was supreme over the people in its territory.
* Although there was less war within countries destructive wars between them became more frequent.
* As wars became broader in scope, methods of warfare changed. Armies were now made up of full time professional soldiers.
* New types of guns, and improved methods of loading and firing them, turned foot soldiers intoskilled fighters.
* War was no longer a game for the amateur. It had become a serious business.
* Domestic issues: problems that a government has to deal with inside the country (a civil war)
* Foreign issues: problems that a government has to deal with other country (war between countries)
* Domestic Policies: a set of rules, actions and decisions carried out by a government withinthe country
* Foreign Policies: a set of rules, actions and decisions carried out by a government in a relation to other countries.
* Huguenots: name given to the protestants only in France

Spain:
* At the beginning of 1500, Spain was the most powerful nation in Europe.
Charles V:
* 1516- Became King of Spain
* 1519- was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

* Asking of Spain Charles ruled that country its vas possessions in the Americas, the Blearier Islands, Sardinia, the Duchy of Milan, and the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.
* He also rules over the Netherlands and Franche comté, a province between France and Switzerland.
* As Holy Roman Emperor, he ruled Austria and had some claims to other German states as well.
* They almost encircledFrance.
* Charles found that his titles and power brought with them problems and responsibilities.
* Domestic issues:
* As he was born in Flanders his native tongue was French he had to have a Spanish outlook, and as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire he had to sympathetic to Germans Aims.
* There was a revolt in Spain because people objected to Charles being a “foreigner”. Therevolt was unsuccessful but brought him many troubles.
* Foreign issues:
* In a series of wars with France, Charles lost the cities of Metz, Verdun, and Taul, which had been part of the Holy Roman Empire.
* In 1540 a religious war broke out and was settle in peace in Augsburg in 1555
* Before the peace settle Charles V divided his territory between his son Philip and his brotherFerdinand.
Philip II:
* Three domestic issues: the weakness of the central government, religious problems, and financial difficulties caused by wars and rebellions.
* Philip[s religious problems involved the moors and the Jews, after the inquisition.
* Some Moors and Jews were converted to Christianity.
* Many persons left the country, and a number of moors revolt against the savagepersecution. This revolt put down in 1517, and gave lots of problems on Philip’s governments.
* The nation also became involved in foreign wars.
* The Spanish government levied heavy taxes including a 10 percent sale tax, which hurt Spanish trade and industries.
Relations with Portugal and England:
* 1580- The throne of Portugal became vacant (free) and Philip claimed it. The...