Guia

PRE - KNOWLEDGE
1. A connector is :
a. Is a word that is used to join words or sentences.

What do you know
about?

b. Is a word that is used to express an action.
c. Is a word that is used to express a quality.
2. These words aren’t connectors:
a. Heavy, tired, difficult
b. Eat, sing, listen
c. So, or, because
3. Relate the columns (function – Example)
a. To express the result orconsequence that.
b. For the reason that; due to the fact that.
c. is used as a conjunction when the words or phrases are
of equal importance and both conditions exist
d. to express a choice between two words or phrases
e. to show a contradiction between two phrases

( ) She studied hard but could not score well in
the test.
( ) It was too hot , so I opened the window.
( ) Would you takea cup of tea or coffee?
( ) The boy was absent because was ill.
( ) A lion and a fox live in this cave.

4. WRITE PHRASES LONGER . USE AND / BUT / OR / SO / BECAUSE + THE PHRASES IN THE BOX.
We didn’t go swimming

watched television

Do you want to get a taxi?

I didn’t read it

She was ill

a. We stayed at home _________________________________.
b. I bought a newspaper_________________________________.
c. Ann didn’t go to work__________________________________.
d. The water wasn’t very clean, _____________________________.
e. Shall we walk to the hotel________________________________.

IN CONTEXT
1. relate the following draws with their mechanisms in the box.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

cam
tap
pendulum
foot pump
escalator

2. Scan the text quickly to find outwhich mechanisms above are
Mentioned
Mechanisms
Mechanisms are an important part of everyday life. They allow us to
Do simple things like switch on lights, turn taps, and open doors, they
Also make it possible to use escalators and lifts, travel in cars, and fly
from continent to continent.
5 Mechanisms play a vital role in industry . while many industrial
processes have electronic controlsystems, it is still mechanisms that
deliver the power to do the work. They provide the forces to press
steel sheets into car body panels, to lift large components from place
to place, to force plastic through dies to make pipes.
10 All mechanisms involve some kind o motion. The four basic basic kinds of
motion are:
Rotary: wheels, gears, and rollers involve rotary movement.
Oscillating:the pendulum of a clock oscillates – it swings backwards
And forwards.
15 Linear: the linear movement of a paper trimmer is used to cut the edge of the paper.
Reciprocating: the piston in a combustion engine reciprocates.
Many mechanisms involve changing one kind of motion into another type.
For example , the reciprocating motion of a piston is changed into a rotary
Motion by the crankshaft,while a cam converts the rotary motion of the
20 engine into the reciprocating motion required to operate the valves.

Now read the text to find the answer to these questions.
1. What does a cam do?
2. What does oscillating mean ?
3. What simple mechanisms in the home are mentioned directly or indirectly?
4. Give an example of a device which can produce a linear movement?
5. What domechanisms provide in industry?

WRITING - ways to link ideas

The connectors help us to make links to
describe, argue, persuade, complain, etc.

What are the links between these pairs of ideas? What words can we use to mark the links?
1. Mechanisms are important to us.
2. They allow us to travel. (reason)
The sentence 2 is a reason for sentence 1, we can link 1 and 2 like this:
• Mechanismsare important to us because they allow us to travel.
3. Mechanisms deliver the power to do work.
4. They play a vital role in industry.
The sentence 4 is the result of sentence 3. we can link 3 and 4 like this:
• Mechanisms deliver the power to do work so they play a vital role in industry.

5. Friction is sometimes a help.
6. It is often a hindrance.
The sentence 6 contrast with...