hidalgo

Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor[3] (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo, was aMexican Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence.

As a priest, Hidalgo served in a church in Dolores, Mexico. After his arrival, he was shocked by the poverty he found. Hetried to help the poor by showing them how to grow olives and grapes, but in Mexico, growing these crops was discouraged or prohibited by the authorities due to Spanish imports of the items.[4] In 1810he gave the famous speech, "The Cry of Dolores", calling upon the people to protect the interest of their King Fernando VII (held captive by Napoleon) by revolting against the European-born Spaniardswho had overthrown the Spanish Viceroy.[citation needed]

He marched across Mexico and gathered an army of nearly 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians who attacked and killed both SpanishPeninsulares and Criollo elites, even though Hidalgo's troops lacked training and were poorly armed. These troops ran into a clan of 6,000 well trained and armed Spanish troops, and most fled or were killedat the Battle of Calderón Bridge[5] on 17 January 1811, Hidalgo was executed by a firing squad on 30 July 1811 at Chihuahua, Chihuahua
A la muerte de su hermano Joaquín (en 1803), Miguel Hidalgo losustituyó como cura de la población de Dolores, en el estado de Guanajuato. Fue en Dolores donde, además de ejercer generosamente su magisterio eclesiástico, emprendió tareas de gran reformador y deprócer ilustrado, llevando a la práctica sus ideas entre sus feligreses (en su mayoría indígenas), en un intento de mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Así, el cura se ocupó de ampliar el cultivo deviñas, de plantar moreras para la cría de gusanos de seda y de fomentar la apicultura. Promovió asimismo los hornos de ladrillos y una fábrica de loza, y animó a la construcción de tinas para curtidores...