Hidrogeno

ARTICLE IN PRESS
I N T E R N AT I O N A L J O U R N A L O F H Y D R O G E N E N E R G Y

33 (2008) 3837 – 3846

Available at www.sciencedirect.com

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he

An investigation of engine performance parameters and artificial intelligent emission prediction of hydrogen powered car
Tien HoÃ, Vishy Karri, Daniel Lim, Danny Barret
School of Engineering,University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-65, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

art i cle info
Article history: Received 10 March 2008 Received in revised form 16 April 2008 Accepted 16 April 2008 Available online 9 June 2008 Keywords: Hydrogen powered car Prediction emission Emission characteristics Hydrogen internal combustion engine Artificial neural networks Hydrogen engine operating conditions

abst rac t
With the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the potential consequences of climate change due to fossil fuel use, much effort has been put into the search for alternative fuels for transportation. Although there are several potential alternative fuels, which have low impact on the environment, none of these fuels have the ability to be used as the sole ‘‘fuel of the future’’. Onefuel which is likely to become a part of the over all solution to the transportation fuel dilemma is hydrogen. In this paper, The Toyota Corolla four cylinder, 1.8 l engine running on petrol is systematically converted to run on hydrogen. Several ancillary instruments for measuring various engine operating parameters and emissions are fitted to appraise the performance of the hydrogen car. The effectof hydrogen as a fuel compares with gasoline on engine operating parameters and effect of engine operating parameters on emission characteristics is discussed. Based on the experimental setup, a suite of neural network models were tested to accurately predict the effect of major engine operating conditions on the hydrogen car emissions. Predictions were found to be 74% to the experimental values.This work provided better understanding of the effect of engine process parameters on emissions. & 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.

Introduction

A four cylinders manual Toyota Corolla was successfully converted to use hydrogen as a fuel in its internal combustion engine. Certain characteristics of hydrogen make itunique for application as an automotive fuel. The wide flammability limits of hydrogen allow for a larger range of air to fuel mixtures to be used at different engine operating conditions. This means that very lean mixtures may be used for lower emissions while enriched mixtures could be used when additional power is required. In addition, the fast burn characteristics of hydrogen also enables it to beable to

operate well at higher engine speed while its gaseous form and ease of combustion can help when performing engine cold starts. However, there is an overall decrease in power output when using lean mixtures [1]. Hydrogen also has a very high flame propagation rate even with lean mixtures providing a very sharp rise in pressure immediately after spark ignition [2]. The combination of theability to run at very lean mixtures and fast flame propagation allow hydrogen engines to run very efficiently. In general, hydrogen has the following dedicated advantages over gasoline [3]: reduce engine oil dilation, reduce engine wear, reduce the emissions as well as increase the fuel economy. The use of hydrogen as a

ÃCorresponding author. Tel.: +61 3 6226 7869.

E-mail addresses:ntho@utas.edu.au (T. Ho), Vishy.Karri@utas.edu.au (V. Karri). 0360-3199/$ - see front matter & 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.04.037

ARTICLE IN PRESS
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I N T E R N AT I O N A L J O U R N A L O F H Y D R O G E N E N E R G Y

33 (2008) 3837 – 3846

Nomenclature UTAS HART AS ECU University of...