Historia De Italia

Italy:

The Italian Republic is an unitary parliamentary republic in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the VaticanCity are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq. mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.8 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.

Rome, the capital of Italy, has for centuries been a political and religiouscenter of Western civilization as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombard’s and Ostrogoth’s, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance. Through muchof its post-Roman history, Italy was fragmented into numerous city and regional states (such as the Republic of Venice and the Church State), but was unified in 1861. In the late 19th century, through World War I, and to World War II, Italy possessed a colonial empire.

Modern Italy is a democratic republic. It has been ranked as the world's 24th most-developed country] and its Quality-of-lifeIndex has been ranked in the world's top ten in 2005.] Italy enjoys a very high standard of living, and has a high GDP per capital.  It is a founding member of what is now the European Union and part of the Eurozone. Italy is also a member of the G8, G20 and NATO. It has the world's third-largest gold reserves, eighth-largest nominal GDP, tenth highest GDP (PPP)] and the sixth highest governmentbudget in the world.[14] It is also a member state of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, the Council of Europe, the Western European Union and the United Nations. Italy has the world's ninth-largest defense budget and shares NATO's nuclear weapons.

Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs.The country's European political, social and economic influence that makes it a major regional power. The country has a high public education level and is a highly globalized nation.
History:

The Italian state was born on March 17, 1861 as a monarchy, and as of June 2, 1946 became a republic until today.
During the Iron Age succeeded various cultures that can be differentiated intothree main geographical centers, the Old Lazio, the Magna Grecia and Etruria. The city of Bologna was founded by the Etruscans (Etruria) and designated as "Felsina". The Magna Grecia was in the south.
After the Congress of Vienna came the period known as the "Restaurazione" Italian nationalist sentiment in which the Italians fought for Italy was a nation state and that was not dominated byforeigners. This would lead to the unification of Italy, materialized on March 17, 1861, when the states of the Italian Peninsula and the two Sicilies were united to form the Kingdom of Italy, which would be organized by King Victor Emmanuel II, in that year the capital was "Torino". In 1866 the War III Veneto di Independenza joined the new Italian state. On September 20, 1870, came the "da Porta PiaBreccia" when bersaglieri (type of soldier), come to Rome, overcoming the forces of Pope.
In 1924 general elections were held, which means "Brogli elettiorale" (a lie), Benito Mussolini won an absolute majority. Giacomo Matteotti, a Socialist deputy, accusing elettiorale denounced Brogli and the fascists of cheating, then they kidnapped and killed him. In 1925 Mussolini's dictatorship began, called...