Historia Romana

* Dictator
-office with extraordinary powers given during time of emergency
-not elected but designated
-almost unlimited power
-for six months or for the duration of crisis
-consuls still inoffice but under his command
-nature of position changed when Sulla was appointed dictator to bring order and enact laws even though there was no conflict since punic wars
-truly unlimited power withno consequences
-no time limit
-Caesar also exception given dictatorship after battle one
-given dictatorship for 10 years by senate
-consul along with dictator
-temporary dictatorship becamepermanent due to popularity and power

* Post-Marian military
-abolishes census requirement to serve in the roman military (men must own land) soldiers had to own property to fight, he changed thatand allowed all men with land or not to fight
-created a standing army
-before armies only assembled when there was a threat
-tactics and training were standardized
-soldier did not need toprovide their own weapons
-organized divisions of army legion, cohorts centuries
-all men were armed the same not with better or worse armor according to class
-all carried their own gears Marius mules-cavalry and slingers were allies and roman were infantry
- retirement benefits for soldiers, land grants and pensions
- granted citizenship to allies who completed military service

*Triumvirate
-power sharing arrangement between 3 people
-First triumvirate Caesar, Pompey, Crassus renewed once
-Caesar had political clout, Pompey the favor of troops and Crassus troops and money
-madeto avoid civil war, failed civil war inevitable
-second triumvirate Antony, Octavian, Lepidous
-civil war inevitable as well

* Numinism/Animism
-religious belief that there is a life forcebehind everything
-representation natural deities like forests and rivers or animals

* “Breast Continuum” (and metonymy)
-Idea of the attributes of the ideal woman
-ideal woman had large,...