Historia

SOCIAL STUDIES Fifth Grade COLOMBIA´S HISTORICAL PERIODS

Name: ______________________________________ Date: _________________

Read carefully the following text. Then, answer the questions:Colombian History Little is known about the various Indian tribes who inhabited Colombia before the Spanish arrived. In 1510 Spaniards founded Darien, the first permanent European settlement on theAmerican mainland. In 1538 they established the colony of New Granada, the area's name until 1861. After a 14-year struggle, during which time Simón Bolívar's Venezuelan troops won the battle of Boyacáin Colombia on Aug. 7, 1819, independence was attained in 1824. Bolívar united Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador in the Republic of Greater Colombia (1819–1830), but he lost Venezuela andEcuador to separatists. Two political parties dominated the region: the Conservatives believed in a strong central government and a powerful church; the Liberals believed in a decentralized government,strong regional power, and a less influential role for the church. Bolívar was himself a Conservative, while his vice president, Francisco de Paula Santander, was the founder of the Liberal Party.Santander served as president between 1832 and 1836, a period of relative stability, but by 1840 civil war had erupted. Other periods of Liberal dominance (1849–1857 and 1861–1880), which sought todisestablish the Roman Catholic Church, were marked by insurrection. Nine different governments followed, each rewriting the constitution. In 1861, the country was called the United States of New Granada; in1863 it became the United States of Colombia; and in 1885, it was named the Republic of Colombia. In 1899, a brutal civil war broke out, the War of a Thousand Days, that lasted until 1902. Thefollowing year, Colombia lost its claims to Panama because it refused to ratify the lease to the United States of the Canal Zone. Panama declared its independence in 1903.

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