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Asthma is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation isassociated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes areusually associated with widespread, but variable airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment".[14]
Clinical classification of severity[3] Severityin patients ≥ 12 years of age [15] Symptom frequency Night time symptoms %FEV1 of predicted FEV1 Variability Use of short-acting beta2 agonist for symptom control (not for prevention of EIB)Intermittent ≤2 per week ≤2 per month ≥80% <20% ≤2 days per week
Mild persistent >2 per week
but not daily 3–4 per month ≥80% 20–30% >2 days/week
but not daily
Moderate persistentDaily >1 per week but not nightly 60–80% >30% Daily
Severe persistent Throughout the day Frequent (often 7×/week) <60% >30% Several times per day

Asthma is clinicallyclassified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate.[3] Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic(intrinsic), based on whether symptoms are precipitated by allergens (atopic) or not (non-atopic).[4]

While asthma is classified based on severity, at the moment there is no clear method for classifyingdifferent subgroups of asthma beyond this system.[16] Finding ways to identify subgroups that respond well to different types of treatments is a current critical goal of asthma research.[16]

Althoughasthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible...