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ENGLISH GRAMMAR

First and second conditional
Lesson code: B4SB-IHIB-D5G6-4

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1 Presentation

Structure

Examples and use

First conditional

According to the weather forecast, it might rain tonight.
If it rains, I'll stay at home.

If I do ..., I'll (= I will) ...

We use the first conditionalwhen there is a real possibility that
Instead of will, we can use something will happen in the future.
other modal verbs, e.g. can,
might, may, must, should. If I don't call you tonight, you can call me.
Will you wait for me if I am late?
Second conditional

At the moment, it's raining. If it was sunny, I'd go out.

If I did ..., I'd (= I would) ... We use the second conditional when weimagine a situation or
when there is very little or no possibility that something will happen.
Instead of would, we can
use could or might.

What would you do if you found a lot of money in the street?
If it wasn't dark outside, we could go out.

Things to remember
• We do not use will or would in the if-part of a conditional sentence:
If it will rain rains, I'll stay at home.
• Theif-part of the sentence can go at the beginning or at the end:
If it rains, I'll stay at home.

I'll stay at home if it rains.

• In the second conditional we use if + past (if I did, if I didn't, etc.), but the meaning is not past. In
this type of structure, the past tense refers to an imaginary or hypothetical situation, such as finding
a lot of money in the street:
What would you do if youfound a lot of money in the street?
• In a first conditional sentence, we can use when instead of if for things that we are sure will
happen:

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First and second conditional
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TM

Innovation in Learning

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2 Practice 1
Put the verb in the correct form to complete each sentence.
1. If global warming continues, temperatures will rise (rise) even higher.
(win) a million dollars?

2. What would you do if you

3. If people stopped using cars completely, there
4. When it(rain) again, I won't forget to bring my umbrella.

5. If I spoke English fluently, I
6. If Siberia

(not/need) to take lessons.

(not/be) so cold, I'd go there in winter.

7. Tom will be at the party tonight. If I see him, I
8. If it

(be) much less pollution.

(say) hello.

(not/rain) so much in England, you wouldn't see so many umbrellas.
(call) you when I get home.

9. I
10.Where
11. If you

(you/live) when you move out of your flat?
(can) choose any company, which company would you like to work for?

3 Practice 2
Study each situation and complete the sentence below. Decide whether to use a first or second
conditional structure.
1. According to the weather forecast there is a chance of snow tomorrow.
(snow), I
(need) to buy a pair of gloves.
If it
2.Patrick is deciding whether to go to France or Spain on his next holiday.
If Patrick
(go) to Spain, he
(be) very satisfied.
3. John works 12 hours a day.
(not/be) so busy, he
If John

(have) more time for his family.

4. Kate is out of work, but she goes shopping every day.
If Kate
(continue) to go shopping, she
5. It is a sunny day with clear blue skies.
If it
(rain), I

(run out) ofmoney.

(need) an umbrella.

6. Anne's boss is very demanding.
(not/be) so demanding, she
If Anne's boss
7. Daniel has an exam tomorrow.
If Daniel
(pass) his exam, he

(not/be) so stressed.
(celebrate) with his friends.

8. Fabio and Carlo are best friends.
If Fabio and Carlo
(not/be) best friends, they probably
together.

(not/be) living

9. Derek doesn't have a car. It...