Human evolutionary biology

Human Anatomy and Physiology from an Evolutionary Perspective

Arndt von Hippel

Human Evolutionary Biology
Comments by reviewers of this text: “The author displays an excellent talent for describing biologic processes in easy to comprehend and interesting lay terms” “…The level and quality of the physiology presentation is much better than (in) any straight physiology text we examined.”“…an admirably…functional approach which I heartily applaud.” “charming and informative…” “Reducing the human species to just one type of evolutionary form is folly(!)” “All necessary topics are covered… I believe the approach is appropriate, even refreshing to someone like myself. It is droll and sardonic… very readable… the level of detail…may be the strongest aspect of this presentation. I enjoyedreading the text, particularly its irreverent analogies… The continual discussion of the selective pressure and its consequences on the genome and reproductive success is the most successful part of the presentation. Yes, by all means… a valuable addition to a modern human biology course.” “He is quite a good writer and I enjoyed a chuckle or two as I read the manuscript. I got the sense of a“Fantastic Voyage” approach… a very nice job of tying in the evolutionary connections… the integration of familiar examples…gives one a sense that this material has some relevance to the real world.”

Human Evolutionary Biology
Human Anatomy and Physiology
from an Evolutionary Perspective Arndt von Hippel

STONE AGE PRESS Anchorage, Alaska

Human Evolutionary Biology Human Anatomy andPhysiology from an Evolutionary Perspective by Arndt von Hippel Published by: Stone Age Press 1649 Bannister Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 (907) 279-3740 Cover design: Leslie Newman Book design and production: Newman Design/Illustration Printer: R.R. Donnelley and Sons Publisher’s Cataloging in Publication Data von Hippel, Arndt, 1932– Human evolutionary biology : human anatomy and physiology from anevolutionary perspective / Arndt von Hippel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Pre-assigned LCCN: 94-067336 ISBN 0-9615808-2-8 1. Human biology. 2. Evolution (Biology) 3. Natural selection. I. Title QP34.5.V65 1995 612 QBI94-1508 © 1994 Arndt von Hippel. All rights reserved. This book protected by copyright. Short excerpts may be reproduced without written permission from thepublisher, provided credit is given to copyright holder and publisher’s address is included. Stone Age Books are selected and published with care by Stone Age Press of Alaska. It is the publisher’s intent to present significant material in a sturdy, inexpensive and pleasing format that will assure Stone Age Press a good name and good will.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

for Marianne, Ted,Bill, Karin, Frank and those yet to come

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1

2

H

He
4.0026 Helium 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.00797 Hydrogen

3

4

Li B
10.811 Boron 13

Be

C
12.0111 Carbon 14

N
14.0067 Nitrogen 15

O
15.9994 Oxygen 16

F
18.9984 Fluorine 17

Ne
20.183 Neon 18

6.939 Lithium

9.0122 Beryllium

11

12

Na

Mg

Al
26.9815 Aluminum 25 26 2728 29 30 31

Si
28.086 Silicon 32

P
30.9738 Phosphorus 33

S
32.064 Sulfur 34

Cl
35.453 Chlorine 35

Ar
39.948 Argon 36

22.9898

Sodium

24.312 Magnesium

19

20

K Fe Co Ni Cu
63.54 Copper 58.71 Nickel 58.933 Cobalt 55.847 Iron

Ca

Mn

Zn
65.37 Zinc

Ga
69.72 Gallium

Ge
72.59 Germanium

As
74.922 Arsenic

Se
78.96 Selenium

Br
79.909 BromineKr
83.80 Krypton

39.102 Potassium

40.08 Calcium

54.938 Manganese

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv PROLOGUE TO CREATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Overview;… All Creatures Bear Evidence;… What Is Scientific Evidence, And...