Impacto de la industria y la mineria
Chemical Aspects of Environmental Problems
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY AND MINING
Presentation by: Amira C. Padilla Jiménez MSc.
Understanding the interrelationships
Air Quality
Water Quality
Land Quality
Interrelationships of Environmental Problems Sources, sinks and flows Point and area originsSpace and time dimensions Synergistic and cumulative affects
Issues of Scale
Global Global climate change; ozone depletion; loss of habitat; reduction in biodiversity Regional Surface water chemistry changes; soil degradation; precipitation acidity; visibility; herbicides and pesticides Local Photochemical smog; groundwater pollution; radionuclides; toxics in sludge; oil spills; toxics in sediments; hazardous waste sites
The Impact of Industry on the World & its Environment
95% of waste produced by industry ie 380 million tonnes per annum in UK Resource Consumption growing Plastics Consumption growing Automobile recyclability dropping There is more copper installed in New York than there is left under the earth
The Impact of Industry on the World & its Environment
Total material use in Japan, Germany & USA rose by an average of 28% over past 20 years Energy consumption in USA is projected to increase by at last 20% over next twenty years Energy use in Asia projected to more than double in the next twenty years Most of growth will be fossil fuel based.
The Impact of Industry on the World & its Environment
Affluent societies account for more than 75% of world’s energy & resource consumption and create the bulk of industrial, toxic and consumer waste. The world bank estimates that by 2015 there will be more than one billion motor vehicles in the world. Concentrated in cities they will double current levels of energy use, smog and emissions of greenhouse gases.The Impact of Industry on the World & its Environment
Renewable resources are now at risk More than 10% of world top soil is being eroded Available cropland is shrinking Per Capita world production of both grain & meat peaked & began to decline in 1980’s World’s 18 major oceanic fisheries have now reached or exceeded their maximum sustainable yields.
The Impact of Industry on the World & its Environment
In 1997 onefifth of world’s original forest cover remained in large tracts of undisturbed forest 39% of what remains is threatened by ongoing or planned human activity Since 1960 the percentage of global income claimed by richest fifth of world’s population has risen from 70.2% to 82.7%. Income of poorest fifth has declined from 2.3% to 1.4%32% of people living in developing countries remain in poverty.
Background
Industry – Environment Relationship Past: REMEDIATION of effects of poor waste disposal methods Present: CONTROLS on toxics, emissions Future: DESIGN for benevolent interaction between industrial and environmental systems Yesterday’s Need + Yesterday’s Solution = Today’s Problem
(Graedel and Allenby)
BackgroundMinimizing Environmental Impact The IPAT Equation: (Environmental) Impact = P * GP * IG where: P = Population GP = Per capita GNP (Affluence) IG = Environmental impact per unit of [GP] (Technology)
(Graedel and Allenby)
Background
Minimizing Environmental Impact Population is a social, not a technological issue Standard of living (as expressed by per capita GDP) can be expected to continue rising slightly Reducing [IG] offers the best hope for reducing global environmental impact, “transition to sustainable development”
(Graedel and Allenby)
Major Challenges to Sustainability
Pollution Developed -Greenhouse economies gases Depletion
-Scarcity of material -Insufficient reuse & recycling
Poverty
-Urban & minority...
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