Industrial hygiene

FUNDAMENTALS OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Fifth Edition

Barbara A. Plog, MPH, CIH, CSP Editor in Chief
Patricia J. Quinlan, MPH, CIH Editor

Editor-in-Chief: Editor: Project Editor: Associate Editor:

Barbara A. Plog, MPH, CIH, CSP Patricia J. Quinlan, MPH, CIH Jodey B. Schonfeld Patricia M. Dewey

NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the National Safety Council is toeducate and influence society to adopt safety, health, and environmental policies, practices, and procedures that prevent and mitigate human suffering and economic losses arising from preventable causes. COPYRIGHT, WAIVER OF FIRST SALE DOCTRINE The National Safety Council’s materials are fully protected by the United States copyright laws and are solely for the noncommercial, internal use of thepurchaser. Without the prior written consent of the National Safety Council, purchaser agrees that such materials shall not be rented, leased, loaned, sold, transferred, assigned, broadcast in any media form, publicly exhibited or used outside the organization of the purchaser, or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise. Use of these materials for training for which compensation is received is prohibited, unless authorized by the National Safety Council in writing. DISCLAIMER Although the information and recommendations contained in this publication have been compiled from sources believed to be reliable, the National Safety Council makes no guarantee as to, and assumes no responsibilityfor, the correctness, sufficiency, or completeness of such information or recommendations. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. Copyright © 1971, 1979, 1988, 1996, 2002 by the National Safety Council All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fundamentals ofindustrial hygiene / edited by Barbara A. Plog (editor in chief ), Patricia J. Quinlan (editor).-- 5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87912-216-1 1. Industrial hygiene. I. Plog, Barbara A. II. Quinlan, Patricia, 1951RC967 .F85 2001 613.6'2—dc21 2001052146 2.5M 1201
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NSC Press Product Number: 15148-0000

Chapter

1

Overview of Industrial Hygiene

byBarbara A. Plog, MPH, CIH, CSP

I

4 6 7

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
The Occupational Health and Safety Team

FEDERAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OR STRESSES
Chemical Hazards ➣ Physical Hazards ➣ Biological Hazards
➣

Ergonomic Hazards

20 21 24

HARMFUL AGENTS–ROUTE OF ENTRY
Inhalation
➣

Absorption
➣

➣

Ingestion

TYPES OF AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS
States of MatterRespiratory Hazards
➣

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
Skin Notation ➣ Mixtures Health Standards Federal Occupational Safety and

26

EVALUATION
Basic Hazard-Recognition Procedures ➣ Degree of Hazard ➣ Air Sampling
➣

Information Required

28

OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASES
Types ➣ Causes Measures
➣

Physical Examinations

➣

Preventive

29

CONTROL METHODS
Engineering Controls ➣Ventilation ➣ Personal Protective Equipment ➣ Administrative Controls

31 31 31

SOURCES OF HELP SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

ndustrial hygiene is that science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among workersor among the citizens of the community. Industrial hygienists are occupational health professionals who are concerned primarily with the control of environmental stresses or occupational health hazards that arise as a result of or during the course of work. The industrial hygienist recognizes that environmental stresses may endanger life and health, accelerate the aging process, or cause...