Infixes

INFIXES
Diachronic Origins of Infixes:
An infix is a morpheme appearing with another morpheme. Alan C.L. Yu showed that typologically there are several phonological units to which infixes can beadjacent:        First consonant First vowel Final syllable Final vowel Stressed syllable Stressed vowel Stressed foot

Infixes are usually derived from prefixes or suffixes

Yu argued thatthe reason why an infix tends to be close to the boundary if the base to which it attaches is because it has been either a prefix or suffix historically. For instance, the ProtoMuskogean plural * oho– in Crekk.Seminole ( Muskogee) ( e.g., líkw-i_`rotten´ likhow-í rotten.PL^= ( Martin. 1994, cited in Yu, 2003). Yu discussed four processes that give rise to infixes:     ENTRAPMENT InProto-Muskogean the mediopassive proclitic *il- appeared after the applicative *a- and the plural *oho-,which were later analyzed as part of the verb stem,entrapping the intervening affix *ilEntrapmentMetathesis Reduplication mutation, and Prosodic stem association METATHESIS Comes from Copainalá ZOque (CZ) The third-person maker was historically a prefix, *i-, which later became a glide. *j +C(onsonant)sequence ento Cj in CZ Mula `mule´ mjula `his mule REDUPLICATION MUTATION In Pre-trukic the durative form of *kasamw ó:nu `pay chiefly respect to´ was *kak-kasamw ó:nu `be in the habit if payingchiefly respects to´. After the dropping of inicial *k, the reduplicated form became *akk-asam w ó:nu, which was later reanalyzed as *akk-asamw ó:nu. The V(owel) kkafixx was generalized in othervowel-initial verbs. After aprocess took place in which a glide w was inserted verb-inivially and becamepart of the base, Vkk-turned into an infix (Trukese: the durative form of win `drink is wiikk-in `be on thehabit of drinking PROSODIC STEM ASSOCIATION Yu called “Homeric Infixation” , a colloquial expression indicating “roughly attitudes os sarcasm and distastrfulness!- ma-in whatchimacalum `what you...