Informacion

ECOSYSTEMS

Elements of an ecosystem

We can find life in all types of climates and landscapes, from the bottom of the ocean to the top of a snowy mountain or the middle of a tropical rainforest.All of these places, along with the organisms that live in them, form a variety of ecosystems.
The biotope, or physical environment, includes all of the non-living things in an ecosystem, such asgeographical relief, soil, light and temperature.
The biocoenosis includes of all the living things in an ecosystem, such al plants, animals and other organisms.
There are many differentrelationships between the living and non-living elements of an ecosystem.

Living things in an ecosystem
There can be many different organisms in an ecosystem.
These organisms don’t usually live in isolation.A population is a group of organisms that live together and belong to the same species.
A community is a collection of different populations that live together in one place.
Intraspecificrelationships exist between individual members of the same species.
Interspecific relationships exist between individual members of different species.

Trophic relationships
They are the feedingrelationships between organisms that “eat” and organisms that “are eaten”.
Trophic level:
1. Plants and algae are producers: they make their own food.
2. Herbivorous organisms are primary consumers:they feed on plants and algae.
3. Carnivorous organisms are secondary consumers: they feed on herbivores.
4. Tertiary consumers feed on secondary consumers.
5. Fungi and bacteria aredecomposers: they break down the remains of dead organisms.
Food chains and webs
A trophic chain or food chain represents the interrelationships between organisms on different trophic levels.
A trophicweb or food web represents all the different food chains within an ecosystem.

Types of ecosystem
1. Natural ecosystem develop without human intervention.
2. Humanized ecosystem exist...