Ing. Mantenimiento

Páginas: 30 (7383 palabras) Publicado: 7 de febrero de 2013
Troubleshooting General Troubleshooting Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Symbols Hydraulic Lines, Pumps, Motors and Cylinders, Valves, Miscellaneous Units and Methods of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . .T8 Pneumatic Air Prep Units, Pneumatic Valves and Valve Actuators, Lines and Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T10 CylindersFundamental Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T12 Hydraulic Cylinder Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T13 Theoretical Push and Pull Forces for Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T14 How to Select a Hydraulic Cylinder and Power Unit. . . . . . . . . .T15 Pumps Electric Motor Horsepower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .T16 Valves How to Determine Proper Air Valve Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T17 Formulas Basic and Fluid Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T18 Pump and Actuator Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T19 Thermal Formulas, Accumulator Formulas, and Volume and Capacity Equivalents Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T20 General Troubleshooting Charts General Troubleshooting Charts
Use the charts on the following pages to help in listing all the possible causes of trouble when you begin diagnosing and testing of a machine. Once you have located the cause, check the item in the chart again for the possible remedy. The technical manual for each machine supplements these charts by giving more detailed and specificcauses and remedies.

System Inoperative
Possible Causes: a. No oil in system. b. Oil low in reservoir. c. Oil of wrong viscosity. d. Filter dirty or plugged. e. Restriction in system. f. Air leaks in suction line. g. Dirt in pump. h. Badly worn pump. i. Badly worn components. j. Oil leak in pressure lines. k. Components not properly adjusted. Fill to full mark. Check system for leaks. Checklevel and fill to full mark. Check system for leaks. Refer to specifications for proper viscosity. Drain oil and replace filters. Try to find source of contamination. Oil lines could be dirty or have inner walls that are collapsing, cutting off oil supply. Clean or replace lines. Clean orifices. Repair or replace lines. Clean and repair pump. If necessary, drain and flush hydraulic system. Try to findsource of contamination. Repair or replace pump. Check for problems causing pump wear such as misalignment or contaminated oil. Examine and test valves, motors, cylinders, etc. for external and internal leaks. If wear is abnormal, try to locate the cause. Tighten fittings or replace defective lines. Examine mating surfaces on couplers for irregularities. Refer to machine technical manual for properadjustment of components. Test relief valves to make sure they are opening at their rated pressure. Examine seals for damage that could cause leaks. Clean relief valves and check for broken springs, etc. Reverse to prevent damage. Check specification of unit for load limits. Attach properly and tighten securely. Replace couplers or belts if necessary. Align them and adjust tension. Check for shut-offdevice on pump or pump drive.

l. Relief valve defective. m. Pump rotating in wrong direction. n. Excessive load on system. o. Hoses attached improperly. p. Slipping or broken pump drive. q. Pump not operating.

T2

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General Troubleshooting Charts System Operates Erratically
Possible Causes: a. Air in system. Remedy: Examine suction side of system forleaks. Make sure oil level is correct. Oil leaks on the pressure side of system could account for loss of oil. Viscosity of oil may be too high at start of warm-up period. Allow oil to warm up to operating temperature before using hydraulic functions. Check for dirt or gummy deposits. If contaminated, try to find the source of contamination. Check for worn or bent parts. Check for broken or worn...
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