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kill cattle, by introducing venom-impregnated cloth into the rectum. Use of an injection to introduce
venom would likely be noticed by the victim and Animal Attacks and Injuries: Fatal and Nonfatal; Preda-
tion; Autopsy,Findings: Organic Toxins
should leave some mark. As death is rarely very
rapid, there would usually be time for the victim to make known that he/she had been attacked, but this might not always be the case. Introduction of a
venomous animal, especially a snake or scorpion, Covacevich ],Davie P, Pearn ] (1987) Toxic Plants and
into sleeping quarters, might also result in effective Animals; A Guide for Australia. Brisbane: Queensland
homicide, which, if within the normal distribution Museum.
of the animal, might go unproven or undetected. Harvey A (1991) Snake Toxins. London:Pergamon Press.
Mebs D (2002) Venomous and Poisonous Animals. Boca
Though not discussed elsewhere in this article, it Raton, FL: CRC Press.
should be noted that a number of toxins, particularly Meier ], White] (eds.) (1995) Handbook of Clinical Toxi-
from marineanimals, can prove lethal if ingested, cology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL:
so could be introduced via a meal. Indeed, some CRC Press.
poisonous fish (fugu fish, which contain tetrodo- Shier W, Mebs D (1990) Handbook of Toxinology. New
toxin) are routinely eaten in some countries, amild York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
degree of poisoning being a desired effect. Plant Sutherland S, Tibballs ] (2001) Australian Animal Toxins.
toxins are also used for suicide in some countries. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Another bizarre possibility is the use of "snakebite"Weatherall D, Ledingham ], Warrell D (eds.) (1996) The to hide some other form of homicidal poisoning, Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3rd edn., pp. 1124-1160. some device being used to mimic fang marks and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
White ], Pounder D (1984) Fatal snakebitein Australia.
introduce poison into the victim (e.g., the use, in American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
India, of Abrus precatorius poison, injected by paired 5: 137-143.
sui (sharp spikes), mimicking snakebite, used to hide Williamson ], Fenner P, Burnett ], Rifkin] (eds.) (1996)felonious killing of cattle or even humans). Careful Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals; A Medical
examination of the wound and pattern of effects may and Biological Handbook. Sydney: University of NSW
reveal the true cause in such cases. Press.





VETERINARY ASPECTS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE,WILD ANIMALS


K Goddard, National Fish and Wildlife Services, During this time period, applications of forensic Ashland, OR, USA protocols to wildlife law enforcement were generally limited to the identification of blood, meat, and hair
from locally hunted species, utilizing the same...