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How to Measure Performance A Handbook of Techniques and Tools

Prepared by the Training Resources and Data Exchange (TRADE) Performance-Based Management Special Interest Group

for the Special Project Group Assistant Secretary for Defense Programs and the Office of Operating Experience, Analysis and Feedback Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health U.S. Department of EnergyOctober 1995

This document describes activities performed under Contract No. DE-AC05-76OR00033 between the U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge Associated Universities.

The Training Resources and Data Exchange (TRADE) network is managed by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) was established by the U.S. Department ofEnergy to undertake national and international programs in science and engineering education, training and management systems, energy and environment systems, and medical sciences. ORISE and its programs are operated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) through a management and operating contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. Established in 1946, ORAU is a consortium of 88 collegesand universities. The Training and Management Systems Division designs, delivers, and manages training programs for the U.S. Department of Energy, other federal and state agencies, industries and industrial trade groups, and the private sector; manages widespread dissemination of training systems and information; conducts needs analyses; and finds solutions for training and human resourcemanagement problems.
This material resulted from work developed under government contract no. DE-AC0576OR00033 and is subject to the following license: A paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in such work to reproduce, prepare derivative works therefrom, distribute copies to the public five years after October 1995, and perform or publicly display by or for the government such works.Neither the United States Government nor the U.S. Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights.
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October 1995 Oak RidgeAssociated Universities

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................................................................iii Overview .....................................................................................................................................v Section 1: Development ProcessesOverview.......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Performance Measurement Process .......................................................................... 1-3 1.2 Developing Performance Measures–A Systematic Approach................................ 1-35 1.3 Developing Performance Metrics–University of California Approach..................1-53 1.4 Performance Indexes................................................................................................ 1-59 Section 2: Data Tools 2.0 Overview................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................................2-7 2.2 Charts, Graphs, and Diagrams ................................................................................ 2-13 2.3 Presentation Approaches........................................................................................ 2-31 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms........................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Performance...