Ingeniero

IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM

The term imperialism refers to the attitude, doctrine or action that he leads to the domain of a condition over other one or others by means of the employment of the military, economic or political force.

During the last third of the 19th century the European powers and some extraeuropean (USA and later Japan) developed a politics of colonial intensive expansionthat already was coming being in preparation from the beginning of century. This new phase of the colonialism, which receives the name of imperialism, was tending to the formation of big empires and it constituted a constant source of conflicts that ended in the 1 ª World war

The colonialism

It is in the habit of alluding to the first phases of the European expansion, during the XVIth,XVIIth and XVIIIth century. The metrópolises controlled a series of territories, exploited economically, that encouraged relations of subordination with the autochthonous peoples of the zone, on which they imposed his structures and forms of life. There was stimulated the control of routes, strategic places and the creation of zones of influence, but there did not remain clearly established a conductof constant and systematized conquest.

The imperialism

Unlike the previous one, it has strong nationalistic connotations: the conditions that they it practised were claiming the systematic conquest of the major possible quantity of territories with the aim to reach the range of world powers. They were not looking for both the cultural transformation of these zones and his political,economic and military control. This process acquired brightness in the last third of the 19th century.

The traffic of the traditional colonialism to the imperialism

Half of the 19th century took place the mercantilists and the fight was marked by the crisis of the former colonialism expressed in the loss of the American colonies of Great Britain and Spain, the disappearance of the economicdoctrines by the abolition of the slavery.

The expansion continued during the second half of the century, fruit of the pretension to gain new areas of influence, encouraged by the European industrialization - eager for new markets - and the engineering development and military man. Other factors that they contributed to the above mentioned expansion were the geographical and missionary explorationsin search of the extension of the science and the christianity respectively. In 1885, in the Conference of Berlin, the powers reminded the systematic distribution of the African continent.





REASONS

Phenomenon of great complexity, there are multiple the reasons or factors that propitiated it:

Demographic, Economic, Politic , Scientific, Ideological.

Demographic reasonsIn the period understood between 1850 and 1900 the European population spent from 300 to 450 million souls. The painful living conditions of the hard-working class in the industrialized countries it encouraged many people to look for better perspectives of life in the territories that were going dealing.

This demographic increase also concerned Asian powers as Japan and continued in ascentuntil 1914. Part of this population was absorbed by the colonial territories across a persistent immigration that in occasions managed to alter in a substantial way the ethnic composition of extensive areas.

The medical advances, as the use of the quinine, contributed to a great extent to these migrations, since they allowed to attack successfully endemic diseases as the cholera, typhus or themalaria that till then extensive territories had made uninhabitable for the white man.



Economic reasons

They were a fruit of the expansion of the industrial capitalism and were based in:

The search of new territories where to invest the excess of the accumulated capitals. These collaborators found a productive exit in the shape of credits granted to the indigenous minorities with...