Insecticidas Organicos: Determinacion De La Concentracion Insecticida De Una Mezcla De Terpenos Y Capsaicina

INSECTICIDAS ORGANICOS: DETERMINACION DE LA CONCENTRACION INSECTICIDA DE UNA MEZCLA DE TERPENOS Y CAPSAICINA

1. Misael Villacorta Gonzalez, Mg. Ingeniero Químico, Docente de la Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Comercio Exterior de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo
2. Maria Elena Leon Marrou, Msc. Ingeniero en Industrias Alimentarias, Directora de la Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial yDocente de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo.


Misael Villacorta González(2)
mvillacorta@ucv.edu.pe


ABSTRACT
In this study, we evaluated the low concentration of insecticide mixture of terpenes extracted the essential oil of lemon and pepper alkaloid capsaicin obtained from the monkey pee on the pest whitefly (Bemisia tabacci).

The extraction of essential oil of lemon peel wascarried out by the method of steam distillation and the production of capsaicin was performed by the solvent extraction method.

The results showed that the optimal mixture of essential oil of lemon (Citrus Limonium) and the pepper alkaloid pee monkey, was the 80:20 from this base coat formulations were prepared three organic insecticide, resulting in the formulation 85% of the base mixture and15% of adjuvants (emulsifiers, surfactants and adherent), resulted the best, from which we applied 5 different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) to a population of 10 individuals (whitefly) applied a factorial design with three replications and a significance level of 95%, reporting that the minimum concentration was 2.5% Insecticide with a mortality rate 90%.

Keywords: organicinsecticide, essential oil, lemon peel (Citrus Limonium), monkey pee pepper (Capsicum frutescens), whitefly (Bemisia tabacci).

1. INTRODUCTIÓN

Plants for over 400 million years and have evolved to defend themselves from attack by insects developed a number of protection mechanisms such as repellency and insecticidal (Garcia, MM 1991).

According to researchers at the nearly700,000 known plants, over 2000 species worldwide have pesticidal properties (Munch, 1988).

The use of toxic plant extracts as insect control is not new, its application is recorded since before the Second World War, such as "Mullein" whose active ingredient is rotenone. With the advent of DDT and chlorinated compounds in general body, which were more toxic, less expensive, but more persistent inthe environment, we discontinued the use of plant extracts.


The use of plant extracts for pest control has the advantage of not causing contamination because these substances are rapidly degraded in the medium (Co Guatemalteca Germany, 1991). There are many plants that have insecticidal properties and other poisonous substances such as nicotine snuff (Arena, C., lagoons, T,. & Rodriguez, H.1984).


With the name of terpenes is known to a large group of plant components that have a common biosynthetic origin as products of secondary metabolism. All though with very different chemical structures, derived from the condensation variable number of units isoprenicas.


Essential oils are complex mixtures normally liquid, which have a common feature: their volatility, are thereforeremovable water vapor stream, or with CO2 at reduced pressure, generally are responsible for the odor of the plant. Chemically consist mainly terpenes, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, etc. They can be acyclic, mono-cyclic, bi-cyclic, cyclic tri, ...) are occasionally and rarely phenylpropane derivatives coumarins.


Limonene is the major component of theessential oil of lemon, standing about 60 to 70%, the β-pinene between 9 to 18%, and the γ-terpinene of 7 to 11%. According to the chromatographic analysis. (Querubina Meroño Albaladejo, Murcia 1999).


Capsaicin is obtained from the fruit of capsicum family, is a nitrogenous organic compound di lipid nature, its chemical name is (6E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-6-nonamide 8metil ,...