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Church and State Authoritarianism has been the traditional tool for control of power in Latin America. Through machismo, husbands and fathers control the family's workings. On a larger scale,authoritarianism delivers power from the masses to the governments and ruling elite. We will examine the triumvirate of institutions--the Church, the State, and the Army-that have collaborated in obtainingand retaining power within Latin American society. These three institutions were instrumental in the conquest of America. Among the twelve hundred original colonists, there were twelve friars. TheIberian monarchs had given Columbus specific instructions: "The King and Queen have more regard for the augmentation of the faith than for any other utility."16 Thereafter, priests and soldiersaccompanied every expedition, arriving in growing numbers in the territories claimed for the Portuguese and Spanish monarchs. Their duty was not only to give the aborigines the salvation of Christianity butalso to make them loyal subjects of the Catholic monarchs. The monarchs selected the missionaries; the soldiers conquered the lands and people; and the friars persuaded the natives to embraceChristianity, as well as Iberian culture, language, and habits. This collaboration was even approved by Rome. In a papal bull of 1501, Pope Alexander VI conferred patronato real (royal patronage) upon the crownin return for the monarchs' protection of the faith within their realms. This royal patronage gave the Iberian rulers the exclusive right to nominate all church officials; collect and spend tithes(income taxes); and erect churches, schools, convents, and bishoprics. The idea of separating church and state, or state and army, was inconceivable. They were so intertwined they they really functionedas one institution. The church began to exercise its social and religious control through its local missions called aldeias in Brazil, reducciones in the south, and misiones in the north. These...